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我在尝试理解负载匹配校正如何工作方面遇到了很多麻烦。
特别是我正在测量精确集成到双工器中的定向耦合器的直接性。 我没有看到VNA如何知道应用负载校正。 假设我有一个2端口网络,并希望看到s11响应,端口2终止,尽可能接近理想的50欧姆负载。 我很乐意将UUT端口2连接到良好的负载,例如校准套件负载。 我还读到,使用2端口分析仪和完整的2端口校准,VNA可以纠正端口2的负载匹配,看起来像是对UUT端口2的良好负载? 我只能假设这是通过矩阵数学的魔力发生的。 (在s11测量期间,分析仪不会主动为端口2提供任何信号)。 VNA如何“知道”UUT端口2是否以校准套件终端端接,无需端口2负载匹配校正,或者与VNA端口2有线连接,需要负载匹配校正以准确测量s11为 低损耗的UUT? 这如何扩展到多端口分析仪? 以上来自于谷歌翻译 以下为原文 I am having a lot of trouble trying to understand how load match correction works. In particular I am measuring directicity of directional couplers integrated into duplexers accurately. I don't see how the VNA knows to apply a load correction. Lets say I have a 2 port network and want to see the s11 response with port 2 terminated in as close to an ideal 50 Ohm load as I can. I am comfortable with connecting UUT port 2 to a good load such an a cal kit load. I have also read that with a 2 port analyzer and full 2 port calibration that the VNA can correct the port 2 load match to look like like a good load to the UUT port 2? I can only assume this is happening via the magic of matrix math. (The analyzer is not actively sourcing any signal for port 2 during a s11 measurement). How can the VNA "know" if the UUT port 2 is terminated with the cal kit termination with no port 2 load match correction needed or with a cabled connection to the VNA port 2 that will require the load match correction to accurately measure the s11 for a low loss UUT? How does this extend to a multi-port analyzer? |
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使用2端口分析仪,如果您正在应用完整的2端口校准,则校准会进行正向和反向扫描,因此即使您正在测量S11,S22也会在校正期间进行测量和使用。
一些分析仪(如FieldFox)甚至可能有默认的2端口cals,您可能无法意识到这一点,因此端口2校正正在应用。 以上来自于谷歌翻译 以下为原文 With a 2-port analyzer, if you are applying a full 2-port cal, the cal takes both forward and reverse sweep, so even if you are measuring S11, the S22 is getting measured and used during the correction. Some analyzers such as FieldFox could even have default 2-port cals that you may not necesarily be aware of, so the port 2 correction is getting applied. |
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实际上,分析仪确实测量了所有4个原始S参数。
DUT有4个实际的S参数,原始和实际之间的数学运算中有一个“错误框”。 错误框是一个矩阵,包含源匹配,加载匹配,跟踪(频率响应)和方向性等内容。 通过矩阵数学的神奇之处,原始测量值被转换为我们对DUT实际测量值的最佳猜测。 数学已有详细记载,但最简单的形式是,原始测量的S参数是Sm,端口1上的错误框是Sp1,端口2上的错误框是Sp2,DUT是Sdut。 将每个转换为等效的T参数,得到Tm = Tp1 * TDut * Tp2; 如果你知道Tp1和Tp2的倒数,你有Tm。 我们不这样做,但这是用简短的电子邮件写它的最简单方法。 所有真实的数学,令人难以忍受的细节,都在我的书的第3章。 以上来自于谷歌翻译 以下为原文 Indeed, the analyzer does measure all 4 raw S-parameters. The DUT has 4 actual S-parameters, and there is an "error-box" in the math between the raw and the actual. The error box is a matrix that contains things like the source match, load match, tracking (frequency response) and directivity. Through the magic of matrix math, the raw measurements are transformed the our best guess of the DUT actual measurements. The math has been well documented but in the simplest form, the raw measured S-parameters are Sm, the error box on port 1 is Sp1, the error box on port 2 is Sp2, the DUT is Sdut. Covert each to it's equivalent T parameters and you get Tm=Tp1*TDut*Tp2; if you know the inverse of Tp1 and Tp2, you have Tm. We don't do it that way, but that's the simplest way to write it in a short email. All the real math, to excruciating detail, is in Chapter 3 of my book. |
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