传言道：80%的 Kernel panic 是都是同一个报错：
剩下 5% 是 init 设置错了，其余的是剩余各式各样的
---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block ]---
所以开个帖子，记录下遇到的那些奇奇怪怪的 VFS Panic 和解决方法
错误列表
错误1
设备：全志T113 + eMMC，SDC2
错误描述：[EXFAT] trying to mount... 后 Panic，显示 MMC 分区表
LOG
[ 2.345878] [EXFAT] trying to mount...
[ 2.350344] VFS: Cannot open root device "mmcblk0p5" or unknown-block(179,5): error -5
[ 2.359283] Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions:
[ 2.368687] b300 15392768 mmcblk0
[ 2.368690] driver: mmcblk
[ 2.376362] b301 17219 mmcblk0p1 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e45
[ 2.376366]
[ 2.386443] b302 1024 mmcblk0p2 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e46
[ 2.386446]
[ 2.396519] b303 1024 mmcblk0p3 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e47
[ 2.396521]
[ 2.406588] b304 16384 mmcblk0p4 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e48
[ 2.406590]
[ 2.416657] b305 16384 mmcblk0p5 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e49
[ 2.416659]
[ 2.426726] b306 1024 mmcblk0p6 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e4a
[ 2.426728]
[ 2.436797] b307 15302828 mmcblk0p7 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e4b
[ 2.436799]
[ 2.446875] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(179,5)
[ 2.456348] CPU0: stopping
[ 2.459386] CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.4.61+ #3
[ 2.466119] Hardware name: Generic DT based system
[ 2.471515] [<c010e048>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010a788>] (show_stack+0x10/0x14)
[ 2.480206] [<c010a788>] (show_stack) from [<c05f93e8>] (dump_stack+0x88/0xa4)
[ 2.488313] [<c05f93e8>] (dump_stack) from [<c010c3d8>] (handle_IPI+0xd4/0x180)
[ 2.496518] [<c010c3d8>] (handle_IPI) from [<c0329cbc>] (gic_handle_irq+0x70/0x78)
[ 2.505016] [<c0329cbc>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<c01021cc>] (__irq_svc+0x6c/0xa8)
[ 2.513408] Exception stack(0xc0b01f40 to 0xc0b01f88)
[ 2.519077] 1f40: 000008d0 c7aba334 00000000 c01149c0 00000001 c0b00000 c0b03de4 c0b03e20
[ 2.528253] 1f60: 00000000 c7bff5c0 c0a240c0 00000000 00000001 c0b01f90 c01080a0 c01080a4
[ 2.537424] 1f80: 60000113 ffffffff
[ 2.541342] [<c01021cc>] (__irq_svc) from [<c01080a4>] (arch_cpu_idle+0x2c/0x38)
[ 2.549643] [<c01080a4>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<c013dbe4>] (do_idle+0xbc/0x128)
[ 2.557845] [<c013dbe4>] (do_idle) from [<c013dee0>] (cpu_startup_entry+0x18/0x20)
[ 2.566344] [<c013dee0>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<c0a00c80>] (start_kernel+0x354/0x3e0)
[ 2.575520] [<c0a00c80>] (start_kernel) from [<00000000>] (0x0)
[ 2.582170] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(179,5) ]---
解决
看到 [EXFAT] trying to mount... 不用慌，这只是一个障眼法，它真正的报错是 No filesystem could mount root, tried: xxx 也就是没有找到可以挂载的格式。
因为 EXFAT 的驱动很特别，他一般是之前设置的格式都没法挂载后才会尝试 EXFAT。所以实际上错误与下一个要介绍的错误是相同的。
建议关闭 exfat 看看真正的报错是什么
错误2
设备：全志T113 + eMMC，SDC2
错误描述：显示分区表后 Panic，提示没有可供挂载的格式
LOG
[ 2.337965] List of all partitions:
[ 2.341882] b300 15392768 mmcblk0
[ 2.341885] driver: mmcblk
[ 2.349544] b301 17219 mmcblk0p1 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e45
[ 2.349547]
[ 2.359627] b302 1024 mmcblk0p2 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e46
[ 2.359630]
[ 2.369712] b303 1024 mmcblk0p3 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e47
[ 2.369714]
[ 2.379784] b304 16384 mmcblk0p4 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e48
[ 2.379786]
[ 2.389853] b305 42232 mmcblk0p5 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e49
[ 2.389855]
[ 2.399921] b306 1024 mmcblk0p6 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e4a
[ 2.399923]
[ 2.409989] b307 15302828 mmcblk0p7 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e4b
[ 2.409992]
[ 2.420057] No filesystem could mount root, tried:
[ 2.429837] squashfs
[ 2.434530]
[ 2.438364] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(179,5)
[ 2.447834] CPU0: stopping
[ 2.450871] CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.4.61+ #4
[ 2.457595] Hardware name: Generic DT based system
[ 2.462990] [<c010e048>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010a788>] (show_stack+0x10/0x14)
[ 2.471682] [<c010a788>] (show_stack) from [<c05ece28>] (dump_stack+0x88/0xa4)
[ 2.479789] [<c05ece28>] (dump_stack) from [<c010c3d8>] (handle_IPI+0xd4/0x180)
[ 2.487994] [<c010c3d8>] (handle_IPI) from [<c0329cbc>] (gic_handle_irq+0x70/0x78)
[ 2.496491] [<c0329cbc>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<c01021cc>] (__irq_svc+0x6c/0xa8)
[ 2.504883] Exception stack(0xc0b01f40 to 0xc0b01f88)
[ 2.510552] 1f40: 00000a3c c7aba334 00000000 c01149c0 00000001 c0b00000 c0b03de4 c0b03e20
[ 2.519728] 1f60: 00000000 c7bff5c0 c0a240c0 00000000 c0b4b7e8 c0b01f90 c01080a0 c01080a4
[ 2.528900] 1f80: 60000113 ffffffff
[ 2.532816] [<c01021cc>] (__irq_svc) from [<c01080a4>] (arch_cpu_idle+0x2c/0x38)
[ 2.541118] [<c01080a4>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<c013dbe4>] (do_idle+0xbc/0x128)
[ 2.549321] [<c013dbe4>] (do_idle) from [<c013dee0>] (cpu_startup_entry+0x18/0x20)
[ 2.557819] [<c013dee0>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<c0a00c80>] (start_kernel+0x354/0x3e0)
[ 2.566996] [<c0a00c80>] (start_kernel) from [<00000000>] (0x0)
[ 2.573643] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(179,5) ]---
解决
检查下你的 rootfs 的格式，这里只支持 squashfs 看看你的 rootfs 是不是打包成 ext4 或者是其他什么格式的了。
错误3：
设备 全志T113 + eMMC，SDC2
错误描述：卡在 Waiting for root device /dev/ubiblock0_5... 不动了
LOG
[ 3.793291] Waiting for root device /dev/ubiblock0_5...
[ 3.836994] random: crng init done
[ 6.927839]
[ 6.927839] insmod_device_driver
[ 6.927839]
解决
看设备名：ubiblock0_5，ubixxxx 表示这是一个 SPI NAND 设备，如果是 SPI NOR 那一般是 mtdxxxx。
再看看我们实际的启动设备，是eMMC，是一个MMC设备，应该是 mmcblkxxx 这样的才对
检查下 bootargs 里的参数，看看 root= 后面是不是设置成 SPI FLASH 了
错误4：
设备 全志T113 + SPI NAND，SPI 0
错误描述：卡在 Waiting for root device /dev/ubiblock0_5... 不动了
LOG
[ 3.793291] Waiting for root device /dev/ubiblock0_5...
[ 3.836994] random: crng init done
[ 6.927839]
[ 6.927839] insmod_device_driver
[ 6.927839]
解决
看设备名：ubiblock0_5，ubixxxx 表示这是一个 SPI NAND 设备，如果是 SPI NOR 那一般是 mtdxxxx。
再看看我们实际的启动设备，也是 SPI NAND，那这里就对上了。
再看看咋们的设备树：
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-dhffnaLK-1690770200946)(/assets/uploads/files/1657271058379-ea4b47ee-ca68-4560-a670-90d02764d003-image.png)]
好嘛，你把 SPI0 都 disable 了他咋启动啊，设置 okay 就好了
错误5
设备：全志T113 + eMMC，SDC2
错误描述：rootfs格式设置都是正确的，驱动也有，但是还是打印分区表然后提示没有可供挂载的格式
LOG
[ 2.337965] List of all partitions:
[ 2.341882] b300 15392768 mmcblk0
[ 2.341885] driver: mmcblk
[ 2.349544] b301 17219 mmcblk0p1 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e45
[ 2.349547]
[ 2.359627] b302 1024 mmcblk0p2 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e46
[ 2.359630]
[ 2.369712] b303 1024 mmcblk0p3 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e47
[ 2.369714]
[ 2.379784] b304 16384 mmcblk0p4 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e48
[ 2.379786]
[ 2.389853] b305 16384 mmcblk0p5 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e49
[ 2.389855]
[ 2.399921] b306 1024 mmcblk0p6 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e4a
[ 2.399923]
[ 2.409989] b307 15302828 mmcblk0p7 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e4b
[ 2.409992]
[ 2.420057] No filesystem could mount root, tried:
[ 2.420059] ext3
[ 2.425525] ext2
[ 2.427686] ext4
[ 2.429837] squashfs
[ 2.431988] vfat
[ 2.434530]
[ 2.438364] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(179,5)
[ 2.447834] CPU0: stopping
[ 2.450871] CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.4.61+ #4
[ 2.457595] Hardware name: Generic DT based system
[ 2.462990] [<c010e048>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010a788>] (show_stack+0x10/0x14)
[ 2.471682] [<c010a788>] (show_stack) from [<c05ece28>] (dump_stack+0x88/0xa4)
[ 2.479789] [<c05ece28>] (dump_stack) from [<c010c3d8>] (handle_IPI+0xd4/0x180)
[ 2.487994] [<c010c3d8>] (handle_IPI) from [<c0329cbc>] (gic_handle_irq+0x70/0x78)
[ 2.496491] [<c0329cbc>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<c01021cc>] (__irq_svc+0x6c/0xa8)
[ 2.504883] Exception stack(0xc0b01f40 to 0xc0b01f88)
[ 2.510552] 1f40: 00000a3c c7aba334 00000000 c01149c0 00000001 c0b00000 c0b03de4 c0b03e20
[ 2.519728] 1f60: 00000000 c7bff5c0 c0a240c0 00000000 c0b4b7e8 c0b01f90 c01080a0 c01080a4
[ 2.528900] 1f80: 60000113 ffffffff
[ 2.532816] [<c01021cc>] (__irq_svc) from [<c01080a4>] (arch_cpu_idle+0x2c/0x38)
[ 2.541118] [<c01080a4>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<c013dbe4>] (do_idle+0xbc/0x128)
[ 2.549321] [<c013dbe4>] (do_idle) from [<c013dee0>] (cpu_startup_entry+0x18/0x20)
[ 2.557819] [<c013dee0>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<c0a00c80>] (start_kernel+0x354/0x3e0)
[ 2.566996] [<c0a00c80>] (start_kernel) from [<00000000>] (0x0)
[ 2.573643] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(179,5) ]---
解决
这一般是因为 rootfs 的数据错误，看一下是不是打包错了，把uboot打包进rootfs里了，或者是root=的分区搞错了，或者 rootfs 因为不正常关机损坏了
比如这里，mmcblk0p4 与 mmcblk0p5 容量一模一样的，肯定是打包错了
错误5
设备：T113 + TF 卡，SDC0
错误描述：rootfs格式设置都是正确的，驱动也有，报错 Filesystem uses "xz" compression. This is not supported
LOG
[ 4.049960] Filesystem uses "xz" compression. This is not supported
[ 4.058133] [EXFAT] trying to mount...
[ 4.062717] VFS: Cannot open root device "mmcblk0p5" or unknown-block(179,5): error -5
[ 4.071559] Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions:
[ 4.080869] b300 30253056 mmcblk0
[ 4.080872] driver: mmcblk
[ 4.088504] b301 252 mmcblk0p1 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e45
[ 4.088507]
[ 4.098521] b302 252 mmcblk0p2 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e46
[ 4.098524]
[ 4.108544] b303 252 mmcblk0p3 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e47
[ 4.108547]
[ 4.118568] b304 8316 mmcblk0p4 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e48
[ 4.118570]
[ 4.128581] b305 30992 mmcblk0p5 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e49
[ 4.128583]
[ 4.138575] b306 30176111 mmcblk0p6 a0085546-4166-744a-a353-fca9272b8e4a
[ 4.138577]
[ 4.148600] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(179,5)
[ 4.158014] CPU0: stopping
[ 4.161030] CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.4.61+ #1
[ 4.167708] Hardware name: Generic DT based system
[ 4.173059] [<c010e048>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010a788>] (show_stack+0x10/0x14)
[ 4.181681] [<c010a788>] (show_stack) from [<c05f9108>] (dump_stack+0x88/0xa4)
[ 4.189727] [<c05f9108>] (dump_stack) from [<c010c3d8>] (handle_IPI+0xd4/0x180)
[ 4.197865] [<c010c3d8>] (handle_IPI) from [<c03299e4>] (gic_handle_irq+0x70/0x78)
[ 4.206291] [<c03299e4>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<c01021cc>] (__irq_svc+0x6c/0xa8)
[ 4.214611] Exception stack(0xc0b01f40 to 0xc0b01f88)
[ 4.220234] 1f40: 00000c60 c7abb334 00000000 c01149c0 00000001 c0b00000 c0b03de4 c0b03e20
[ 4.229331] 1f60: 00000000 c7bff5c0 c0a240c0 00000000 00000001 c0b01f90 c01080a0 c01080a4
[ 4.238429] 1f80: 60000113 ffffffff
[ 4.242314] [<c01021cc>] (__irq_svc) from [<c01080a4>] (arch_cpu_idle+0x2c/0x38)
[ 4.250551] [<c01080a4>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<c013dbe4>] (do_idle+0xbc/0x128)
[ 4.258686] [<c013dbe4>] (do_idle) from [<c013dee0>] (cpu_startup_entry+0x18/0x20)
[ 4.267114] [<c013dee0>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<c0a00c80>] (start_kernel+0x354/0x3e0)
[ 4.276219] [<c0a00c80>] (start_kernel) from [<00000000>] (0x0)
[ 4.282806] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(179,5) ]---
解决
Filesystem uses "xz" compression. This is not supported
SquashFS 不支持这个压缩格式
丢脸，看看你的 kernel menuconfig 里有没有打开 xz 压缩了，这不没开的嘛
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