TIM-有感BLDC实现解析-基于CH32V203

ti

1、BLDC运行基本原理简要介绍

在图1-20(a)中，AB相通电，电流处于转子产生的磁场内，根据左手定则，我们判断线圈AA’中的上半部导线A受到一个顺时针方向的电磁力，而AA’的下半部导线A’也受到一个顺时针方向的电磁力。由于线圈绕组在定子上，定子是固定不动的，故根据作用力与反作用力，定子绕组AA’会施加给转子一个逆时针方向的反作用力，转子在这个力的作用下，就转起来了。同理，与AA’的情况类似，BB’也会对转子产生一个逆时针的反作用力。当转子逆时针转过60°后，到达图1-20(b)的位置，这时线圈BB’已经到达转子磁极的边缘位置了，再转下去就要产生反方向的力了，所以这时就要换相，换成AC相通电，见图1-20(c)。这样，每过60°换相通电，转子就可以一直转下去了。

2、6路PWM互补波形的输出
高级定时器tiM1的相关宏定义-方便后续更换成其它高级定时器

#define BLDC_TIMx TIM1
#define BLDC_TIM_CLK RCC_APB2Periph_TIM1
#define BLDC_TIM_GPIO_CLK (RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA | RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB)
#define BLDC_TIM_CH1_PORT GPIOA
#define BLDC_TIM_CH1_PIN GPIO_Pin_8 //通道1
#define BLDC_TIM_CH2_PORT GPIOA
#define BLDC_TIM_CH2_PIN GPIO_Pin_9 //通道2
#define BLDC_TIM_CH3_PORT GPIOA
#define BLDC_TIM_CH3_PIN GPIO_Pin_10 //通道3
#define BLDC_TIM_CH1N_PORT GPIOB
#define BLDC_TIM_CH1N_PIN GPIO_Pin_13 //互补通道1
#define BLDC_TIM_CH2N_PORT GPIOB
#define BLDC_TIM_CH2N_PIN GPIO_Pin_14 //互补通道2
#define BLDC_TIM_CH3N_PORT GPIOB
#define BLDC_TIM_CH3N_PIN GPIO_Pin_15 //互补通道3
#define BLDC_TIM_BKIN_PORT GPIOB
#define BLDC_TIM_BKIN_PIN GPIO_Pin_12 //刹车输入

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TIM1高级定时器所使用的6路PWM引脚以及刹车引脚初始化

void TIMx_GPIO_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure = {0};
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(BLDC_TIM_GPIO_CLK|RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO,ENABLE);
/* TIMx_CH1 */
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = BLDC_TIM_CH1_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(BLDC_TIM_CH1_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);
/* TIMx_CH2 */
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = BLDC_TIM_CH2_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(BLDC_TIM_CH2_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);
/* TIMx_CH3 */
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = BLDC_TIM_CH3_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(BLDC_TIM_CH3_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);
/* TIMx_CH1N */
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = BLDC_TIM_CH1N_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(BLDC_TIM_CH1N_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);
/* TIMx_CH2N */
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = BLDC_TIM_CH2N_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(BLDC_TIM_CH2N_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);
/* TIMx_CH3N */
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = BLDC_TIM_CH3N_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(BLDC_TIM_CH3N_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);
/* TIMx_BKIN */
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = BLDC_TIM_BKIN_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
GPIO_Init(BLDC_TIM_BKIN_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);
}
TIM1高级定时器的参数的初始化
//PWM频率-20KHz
#define BLDC_TIM_PWM_FREQ 20000
// 定时器预分频系数-(2-1)
#define BLDC_TIM_PRESCALER 1
//定时器计数周期-(144000000/2=72000000/20000=3600)
#define BLDC_TIM_PERIOD (uint16_t)(SystemCoreClock/(BLDC_TIM_PRESCALER+1)/BLDC_TIM_PWM_FREQ)
//定时器重复寄存器数值
#define BLDC_TIM_REPETITIONCOUNTER 0 //PWM占空比
void TIMx_Mode_Init(void)//开关频率20K
{
TIM_OCInitTypeDef TIM_OCInitStructure = {0};
TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure = {0};
TIM_BDTRInitTypeDef TIM_BDTRInitStructure = {0};
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(BLDC_TIM_CLK, ENABLE);
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Period = BLDC_TIM_PERIOD;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Prescaler = BLDC_TIM_PRESCALER;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_RepetitionCounter = BLDC_TIM_REPETITIONCOUNTER;
TIM_TimeBaseInit(BLDC_TIMx, &TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure);
TIM_ARRPreloadConfig(BLDC_TIMx, ENABLE);
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputNState = TIM_OutputNState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_Pulse = 0;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCNPolarity = TIM_OCNPolarity_High;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCIdleState = TIM_OCIdleState_Reset;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCNIdleState = TIM_OCNIdleState_Reset;
TIM_OC1Init(BLDC_TIMx, &TIM_OCInitStructure);// 初始化通道 1 输出 PWM
TIM_OC2Init(BLDC_TIMx, &TIM_OCInitStructure);// 初始化通道 2 输出 PWM
TIM_OC3Init(BLDC_TIMx, &TIM_OCInitStructure);// 初始化通道 3 输出 PWM
TIM_OC1PreloadConfig(BLDC_TIMx, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
TIM_OC2PreloadConfig(BLDC_TIMx, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
TIM_OC3PreloadConfig(BLDC_TIMx, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
TIM_BDTRInitStructure.TIM_OSSIState = TIM_OSSIState_Enable;
TIM_BDTRInitStructure.TIM_OSSRState = TIM_OSSRState_Enable;
TIM_BDTRInitStructure.TIM_LOCKLevel = TIM_LOCKLevel_OFF;
TIM_BDTRInitStructure.TIM_DeadTime = 10; //死区时间=138.9ns
TIM_BDTRInitStructure.TIM_Break = TIM_Break_Enable;
TIM_BDTRInitStructure.TIM_BreakPolarity = TIM_BreakPolarity_High;
TIM_BDTRInitStructure.TIM_AutomaticOutput = TIM_AutomaticOutput_Disable;
TIM_BDTRConfig(BLDC_TIMx, &TIM_BDTRInitStructure);
//死区以及刹车参数初始化
TIM_SelectInputTrigger( BLDC_TIMx, TIM_TS_ITR3 );
TIM_SelectCOM(BLDC_TIMx,ENABLE);
TIM_CCPreloadControl(BLDC_TIMx,ENABLE);
//设置触发源为TIM4霍尔定时器，并使能COM事件以达到换相时的同步功能
TIM_CtrlPWMOutputs(BLDC_TIMx, ENABLE);
TIM_Cmd(BLDC_TIMx, ENABLE);
TIM_CCxCmd(BLDC_TIMx,TIM_Channel_1,TIM_CCx_Disable);
TIM_CCxNCmd(BLDC_TIMx,TIM_Channel_1,TIM_CCxN_Disable);
TIM_CCxCmd(BLDC_TIMx,TIM_Channel_2,TIM_CCx_Disable);
TIM_CCxNCmd(BLDC_TIMx,TIM_Channel_2,TIM_CCxN_Disable);
TIM_CCxCmd(BLDC_TIMx,TIM_Channel_3,TIM_CCx_Disable);
TIM_CCxNCmd(BLDC_TIMx,TIM_Channel_3,TIM_CCxN_Disable);
}

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3、与霍尔传感器接口-霍尔定时器的配置

霍尔定时器TIM4的相关宏定义-方便后续更换成其它霍尔定时器

#define HALL_TIMx TIM4
#define HALL_TIM_CLK RCC_APB1Periph_TIM4
#define HALL_TIM_PERIOD 0xFFFF //ARR，计数周期,配置为最大65535
#define HALL_TIM_PRESCALER (144-1) //预分频系数为144
#define HALL_TIM_Channel_x TIM_Channel_1 //通道1
#define HALL_TIM_GPIO_CLK RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB
#define HALL_TIM_CH1_PIN GPIO_Pin_6
#define HALL_TIM_CH1_GPIO GPIOB
#define HALL_TIM_CH2_PIN GPIO_Pin_7
#define HALL_TIM_CH2_GPIO GPIOB
#define HALL_TIM_CH3_PIN GPIO_Pin_8
#define HALL_TIM_CH3_GPIO GPIOB
TIM4霍尔定时器所使用的3路捕获引脚的初始化
void TIMx_HALL_GPIO_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure = {0};
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(HALL_TIM_GPIO_CLK,ENABLE);
/* TIM4_CH1 */
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = HALL_TIM_CH1_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
GPIO_Init(HALL_TIM_CH1_GPIO, &GPIO_InitStructure);
/* TIM4_CH2 */
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = HALL_TIM_CH2_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
GPIO_Init(HALL_TIM_CH2_GPIO, &GPIO_InitStructure);
/* TIM4_CH3 */
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = HALL_TIM_CH3_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
GPIO_Init(HALL_TIM_CH3_GPIO, &GPIO_InitStructure);
}
void TIMx_HALL_Mode_Init(void)
{
TIM_ICInitTypeDef TIM_ICInitStructure = {0};
TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure = {0};
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure={0};
RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(HALL_TIM_CLK, ENABLE);
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Period = HALL_TIM_PERIOD;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Prescaler = HALL_TIM_PRESCALER;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_RepetitionCounter = 0;
TIM_TimeBaseInit(HALL_TIMx, &TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure);
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = HALL_TIM_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
TIM_ITConfig( HALL_TIMx, TIM_IT_Trigger, ENABLE );
TIM_ITConfig( HALL_TIMx, TIM_IT_CC1, ENABLE );
TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_Channel = HALL_TIM_Channel_x;
TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICFilter = 0x00;
TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPolarity = TIM_ICPolarity_BothEdge;
TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPrescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1;
TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICSelection = TIM_ICSelection_TRC;
TIM_ICInit(HALL_TIMx,&TIM_ICInitStructure);
//使能霍尔传感器的接口，将三个通道的信号异或输入。
TIM_SelectHallSensor(HALL_TIMx,ENABLE);
//输入触发源选择，选择TI1F_ED
TIM_SelectInputTrigger( HALL_TIMx, TIM_TS_TI1F_ED );
//从模式选择，复位模式
TIM_SelectSlaveMode( HALL_TIMx, TIM_SlaveMode_Reset );
//主从模式使能
TIM_SelectMasterSlaveMode( HALL_TIMx, TIM_MasterSlaveMode_Enable );
//使能霍尔定时器
TIM_Cmd( HALL_TIMx, ENABLE );
//清除中断标志位，防止直接第一次进入中断
TIM_ClearITPendingBit (HALL_TIMx,TIM_IT_Trigger);
}

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4、定时器的联动与触发换相
定时器联动概述：
1、高级定时器TIM1设定TIM4为主定时器，即利用TIM4触发TIM1
2、霍尔定时器配置了TIM4_CH1、TIM4_CH2、TIM4_CH3三个通道捕获的电平在经过异或后形成TI1信号，并经过双边沿检测器，形成TI1F_ED的脉冲波形信号。
3、设置定时器内部TRC触发，IC1配置为输入捕获（无论配置为上升沿还是下降沿均可捕获到TI1F_ED的脉冲波形信号），IC1输入源配置为TRC。一旦捕获到此信号即开始换相操作。
4、同时TRC信号生成TRGI信号触发复位更新TIM4的CNT计数值，使得CNT=0,产生一个UPDATE信号，通过此处的更新可以捕获到两个换相之前的延时，从而推算出马达的速度信息。
触发换相：

获取霍尔定时器三个通道的霍尔信号