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本文介绍基于arm嵌入式平台使用开源Hostapd软件配置测试WiFi Access Point模式，也就是AP模式。
本文所使用的ARM嵌入式平台来自于Toradex 基于NXP最新的iMX8 SoC（基于Cortex-A72+A53和Coretex-M4架构）的ARM计算机模块Apalis iMX8QM 4GB WB IT，模块上面集成了AzureWave AW-CM276NF WiFi/BT 模块，其具体WiFi参数如下： |
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准备
a） Apalis iMX8QM 4GB WB IT ARM核心版配合Ioxra 载板，连接调试串口UART1（载板X22）到开发主机方便调试。 b） Apalis iMX8安装Toradex Ycoto Linux Reference Multimedia image V5.0.0 2020Q3季度版本，详细信息请参考这里。 c） WiFi模块安装标准WHF4接口天线，详情请参考这里。 |
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WiFi AP模式配置
a). 查看WiFi模块AP模式端口uap0 ------------------------------- root@apalis-imx8:~# ifconfig -a |grep uap uap0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr C0:E4:34:2F:C6:A1 ------------------------------- b). 配置Hostapd配置文件 ./ file - /etc/hostapd.conf，Hostapd服务配置文件，里面预设了很多配置项目，这里只将必要的进行修改，其他可以自行根据实际需要来配置。 ------------------------------- --- a/etc/hostapd.conf +++ b/etc/hostapd.conf @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ # management frames with the Host AP driver); wlan0 with many nl80211 drivers # Note: This attribute can be overridden by the values supplied with the '-i' # command line parameter. -interface=wlan0 +interface=uap0 # In case of atheros and nl80211 driver interfaces, an additional # configuration parameter, bridge, may be used to notify hostapd if the @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ ##### IEEE 802.11 related configuration ####################################### # SSID to be used in IEEE 802.11 management frames -ssid=test +ssid=ap-apalis-imx8 # Alternative formats for configuring SSID # (double quoted string, hexdump, printf-escaped string) #ssid @@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@ # authentication with external ACL for MAC addresses, and accounting # The own IP address of the access point (used as NAS-IP-Address) -own_ip_addr=127.0.0.1 +own_ip_addr=192.168.8.1 # NAS-Identifier string for RADIUS messages. When used, this should be unique # to the NAS within the scope of the RADIUS server. Please note that hostapd @@ -1464,7 +1464,7 @@ # Note that WPA3 is also configured with bit1 since it uses RSN just like WPA2. # In other words, for WPA3, wpa=2 is used the configuration (and # wpa_key_mgmt=SAE for WPA3-Personal instead of wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK). -#wpa=2 +wpa=2 # WPA pre-shared keys for WPA-PSK. This can be either entered as a 256-bit # secret in hex format (64 hex digits), wpa_psk, or as an ASCII passphrase @@ -1473,7 +1473,7 @@ # wpa_psk (dot11RSNAConfigPSKValue) # wpa_passphrase (dot11RSNAConfigPSKPassPhrase) #wpa_psk=0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef -#wpa_passphrase=secret passphrase +wpa_passphrase=MyPassword1234 # Optionally, WPA PSKs can be read from a separate text file (contAIning list # of (PSK,MAC address) pairs. This allows more than one PSK to be configured. ------------------------------- 上面是配置2.4GHz频段的AP，如果需要配置5GHz频段，则需要修改下面内容： ------------------------------- hw_mode=a channel=40 ieee80211n=1 ------------------------------- ./ 文件 - /etc/systemd/network/hostapd.network，用于配置AP 固定IP以及DHCP服务 ------------------------------- [Match] Name= [Network] Address=192.168.8.1/24 DHCPServer=yes ------------------------------- c). 配置相关systemd启动服务 ./ 开机自动启动WiFi服务，当然Linux BSP已经包含了 /lib/systemd/system/enable-wifi.service 服务文件，只需要后面通过systemctl命令使能即可。 ------------------------------- [Unit] Description=Enable Wifi BindsTo=sys-subsystem-net-devices-uap0.device After=sys-subsystem-net-devices-uap0.device [Service] Type=oneshot ExecStart=/usr/bin/connmanctl enable wifi ExecStop= RemainAfterExit=yes [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target ------------------------------- ./ 修改默认的 Hostapd 服务文件，使其确定在Wifi服务以及uap0端口起来后再启动，避免出现启动失败。 ------------------------------- --- a/lib/systemd/system/hostapd.service +++ b/lib/systemd/system/hostapd.service @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ [Unit] Description=Hostapd IEEE 802.11 AP, IEEE 802.1X/WPA/WPA2/EAP/RADIUS Authenticator -After=network.target +BindsTo=sys-subsystem-net-devices-uap0.device +After=sys-subsystem-net-devices-uap0.device [Service] Type=forking ------------------------------- ./ 重载并使能上述修改的服务然后重新启动 ------------------------------- $ systemctl --system daemon-reload $ systemctl enable hostapd $ systemctl enable enable-wifi.service $ reboot ------------------------------- c). 测试AP配置 ./ 重启后，通过PC WiFi网卡扫描可以找到 ap-apalis-imx8 AP设备，使用上面配置文件设定的密码连接后，ping通讯正常 ------------------------------- // on apalis imx8 linux root@apalis-imx8:~# ifconfig uap0 uap0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr C0:E4:34:2F:C6:A1 inet addr:192.168.8.1 Bcast:192.168.8.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::c2e4:34ff:fe2f:c6a1/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:100 errors:39 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:11466 (11.1 KiB) TX bytes:5792 (5.6 KiB) // on Ubuntu desktop $ ifconfig wlo1 wlo1: flags=4163 inet 192.168.8.72 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.8.255 inet6 fe80::8f97:db63:7329:9efb prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 ether 3c:f0:11:6f:d0:47 txqueuelen 1000 (以太网) RX packets 951788 bytes 722874574 (722.8 MB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 99168 bytes 16375180 (16.3 MB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 $ ping 192.168.8.1 PING 192.168.8.1 (192.168.8.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.8.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=5.82 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.8.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=4.13 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.8.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=4.15 ms ^C --- 192.168.8.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 4.138/4.705/5.824/0.793 ms ------------------------------- |
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网络共享功能配置
a). 将WiFi模块Client模式端口连接到可连接互联网的WiFi网络，用于作为下面AP端口网络共享的端口 ./ 查看WiFi模块client模式端口 ------------------------------- root@apalis-imx8:~# ifconfig |grep mlan mlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr C0:E4:34:2F:C4:A1 ------------------------------- ./ 参考这里的说明，连接WiFi网络，连接后状态如下： ------------------------------- root@apalis-imx8:~# ifconfig mlan0 mlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr C0:E4:34:2F:C4:A1 inet addr:10.20.1.123 Bcast:10.20.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::c2e4:34ff:fe2f:c4a1/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:18613 errors:0 dropped:39 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:12421 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:20897583 (19.9 MiB) TX bytes:1621867 (1.5 MiB) ------------------------------- b). 使能Packet Forwarding 文件 - /etc/sysctl.d/30-ipforward.conf ------------------------------- net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding=1 net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1 ------------------------------- c). 使能NAT ./ 首先需要kernel包含下面驱动，直接编译到kernel或者编译成kernel modules都可以，当前测试BSP是已经编译为kernel modules，如果没有包含则需要重新编译kernel添加进入 ------------------------------- root@apalis-imx8:~# zcat /proc/config.gz |grep CONFIG_IP_NF_IPTABLES CONFIG_IP_NF_IPTABLES=m root@apalis-imx8:~# zcat /proc/config.gz |grep CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_CONNTRACK CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_CONNTRACK=m ------------------------------- ./ 使用iptables使能NAT，首先创建下面iptables 规则 ------------------------------- iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o mlan0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i uap0 -o mlan0 -j ACCEPT ------------------------------- ./ 将上面设置的规则保存到配置文件 ------------------------------- $ iptables-save > /etc/iptables/iptables.rules ------------------------------- ./ 使能iptable服务，当前BSP已经包含服务文件 /lib/systemd/system/iptables.service ------------------------------- $ systemctl enable iptables ------------------------------- d). 重启后上述配置生效，然后启动后可以通过systemctl查看相关服务是否都启动正常 ------------------------------- $ systemctl status hostapd $ systemctl status enable-wifi $ systemctl status iptables ------------------------------- e). 同样使用Ubuntu desktop连接ap-apalis-imx8 AP后，如下测试可以正常连接互联网了，证明网络共享配置成功 ------------------------------- $ ifconfig wlo1 wlo1: flags=4163 inet 192.168.8.72 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.8.255 inet6 fe80::8f97:db63:7329:9efb prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 ether 3c:f0:11:6f:d0:47 txqueuelen 1000 (以太网) RX packets 967881 bytes 745946717 (745.9 MB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 103940 bytes 17087302 (17.0 MB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 # ping 百度网址，因为AP默认没有设定DNS配置，因此连接后需要手动指定一个有效的DNS地址才能进行DNS解析 $ ping www.baidu.com PING www.a.shifen.com (180.101.49.11) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 180.101.49.11 (180.101.49.11): icmp_seq=1 ttl=51 time=8.97 ms 64 bytes from 180.101.49.11 (180.101.49.11): icmp_seq=2 ttl=51 time=11.2 ms 64 bytes from 180.101.49.11 (180.101.49.11): icmp_seq=3 ttl=51 time=10.8 ms ^C --- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 8.972/10.369/11.276/1.005 ms ------------------------------- |
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