如何读取电池负载的电流及确定经过的时间？

通过测量其开路电压和环境温度，可以对铅酸电池的荷电状态（SOC）进行粗略的了解。电池在启动过程中大量放电，并确定其状态。您可以在EEPROM中存储以前的事件并进行比较。您可以按时间戳记信息并使用RTC进行月度状态报告。测量电池电流可能是困难的，需要分流器或霍尔效应装置。



      以下为原文

    You can get a rough idea of the State of Charge (SOC) of a lead-acid battery by measuring its open circuit voltage and the ambient temperature.
 
http://www.evdl.org/pages/hartcharge.html
 
http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/how_age_affects_capacity_and_resistance
 
It might be possible to detect when the battery is being discharged heavily during starting, and determining its condition. You could store previous events in EEPROM and compare. You could time-stamp the information and use a RTC for a monthly status report. Measuring battery current might be difficult, requiring a shunt or a hall-effect device.

在编辑中再次拒绝访问。另一个链接：HTTP:/BATTYYUNIVITION/CONL/SENLY/THEOLY/HOWYTOTY测量



      以下为原文

    Access denied again on edit. Another link:
 
http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/how_to_measure_state_of_charge
 

我想制作一个电路，可以处理这个测试电池容量的功能，详细地说，我想使用PIC16F1937以及外部元件，如电阻、电容器等，这样我可以在电池充电前测试电池，这有助于了解电池状态。她是好是坏。我正在考虑测量它的电压，但是我看到，这里的总数是用来给电池充电（通过在电池上施加负载），然后测量不同时刻的电压以及流动的电流，因此他们确定电池的Q（Ah），以此为基础来判断是否电池是好是坏。你能帮我想两件事情，也许对这个测试仪的设计是有帮助的：1.如果通过测量电流（使用霍尔效应传感器）和电压（使用分压器）可以解决这个问题，请帮助我设计霍尔效应电流测量的那一面。2.如果同时使用测量温度和电压并使用EEPROM存储那些值，以便它们在一定时间之后进行比较，如果这种方法可以用于测试电池寿命，p.租借帮助我主要处理读取温度和电压值，然后将它们存储在EEPROM中。



      以下为原文

    I would like to make a circuit which can handle this function of testing the battery capacity,in details I would like to use PIC16F1937 and external components like resistors,capacitors,etc in such a way that I can test a battery before charging it and this helps in knowing also battery status whether its good or bad.

I was thinking on measuring its voltage but I saw that sum people here used to load the battery(by applying a load on the battery) and then measure the the voltage at different instant and also the current flowing so they determine the Q (Ah) of the battery which they base on for knowing whether the battery is good or bad.
 
could you help me to think on two things which might  be helpful for this tester design:
1.If by measuring the current (using hall effect sensor)and voltage (using voltage divider) can solve the issue please help me to design that side of the current measurement with hall effect sensor and in conversion forumual for it to be interfaced to a micro-controller analog side.
 
2.If also the use of measuring temperature and voltage and use an EEPROM to store those values so that they could be compared after a certain time,if this methods could be  used for testing battery life,please help me to deal mainly reading the temperature and voltage values and then store them in an EEPROM.I have 25LC256

Please help to deal with those issues

这是作业/课程作业吗？



      以下为原文

    Is this a homework/course assignment ?

我不确定他们是否在谈论库仑计数或阻抗测量。对于库仑计数，你测量的是安培或瓦特。阻抗不那么简单。你需要在负载和充电下测量电池。然后，确定一个匹配阻抗与容量的模型。然后你选择一个CPU和A/D来处理这些测量，你需要重新研究一下。使用这种方法的公司不会放弃他们的方法。



      以下为原文

    I am not sure if they are talking about coulomb counting or impedance measurements.
for coulomb counting you measure amps or watts over time.
impedance  is less simple.  You need to measure the battery under load and under charge.  You then determine a model to match impedance to capacity.  Then you pick a CPU and A/D that can handle the measurements.
You would need to reasarch it.  The Companies using the method do not give away their methods.

如果你希望这是你的项目，你必须提供一个基本的原理图和代码，作为一个最小的起点。只要稍加努力，就可以找到类似的电路来读取电池电压、电流和环境温度。一旦你尽力做到这一点，我们可以提出改进建议并指出错误。但是没有人应该为你做你的项目（除非你支付咨询费）。有没有理由选择PIC16F1937？你会使用直接驱动的LCD显示器和电容式触摸界面吗？你需要14个频道的ADC吗？你为什么从原来的PIC16F87切换？独立的电池测试仪通常对端子施加很大的负载，并测量该电流下的电压以确定容量。从开路电压到负载下的电压变化给出了内部阻抗的测量。如果你想要一个准确的数字，它的A-H容量，你可以从它完全充电开始，然后应用大约C/20负载一个小时，并读取电压的变化。对于绝对测试，你应该将负载保持20小时或直到电压表明完全放电。为了更快的放电速率，你需要考虑Peukert效应。当放电温度为1C（100A，100A-H电池）时，有效容量约为C/20.http://all-about-.-aci...nd指数解释/



      以下为原文

    If you want this to be your project, you must provide a basic schematic as well as code, as a minimum starting point. With a little bit of effort, you can find similar circuits for reading battery voltage, current, and ambient temperature. Once you do your best at doing that, we can offer suggestions for improvement and point out errors. But nobody should do your project for you (unless you pay consulting fees).
 
Is there a reason to choose the PIC16F1937? Will you be using a direct drive LCD display and a capacitive touch interface? Do you need 14 channels of ADC? Why did you switch from your original PIC16F877?
 
Stand-alone battery testers usually apply a significant load on the terminals and measure the voltage at that current to determine the capacity. The change in voltage from open circuit to that under load gives a measurement of the internal impedance. If you want an accurate figure for its A-H capacity you could start with it fully charged and then apply a load of about C/20 for an hour and read the change in voltage. For an absolute test, you should maintain the load for up to 20 hours or until the voltage indicates full discharge.
 
For faster discharge rates, you need to consider the Peukert effect. At a discharge of 1C (100A for a 100A-H battery), the effective capacity is about half that at C/20.
 
http://all-about-lead-aci...nd-exponent-explained/

如果你在电池上施加电压，电压就会下降。该三角洲连同产生它的电流可以用来确定电池阻抗。电池阻抗是电池充电的当前状态的指示。这对于锂离子电池是正确的，并且是首选的方法（Ti芯片）。我不知道它是否对乳酸有用。电池测试仪上的大测试电流是测试电池的功能，而不是检查充电状态。



      以下为原文

    If you put a load on a Battery the Voltage will fall.  That delta along with the current that produced it can be used to determine the Battery impedance.  Battery impedance is an indication of the current state of charge on the Battery.  This is True for Lithium-Ion Batteries and is the Prefered way (TI Chips).  I am not sure if it is useful for Laed -Acid.
 
the Large test current on battery Testers is to test the batteries functionally, Not to check State of charge.

亲爱的，这不是一个作业，也不是作业，我只是想一想，看看能不能做！！



      以下为原文

    Dear ,it is not a homework nor assignment I just think and would like to make one to see if it can be done!!

当然可以.*可以.*商业产品可以评估铅酸电池状况.–无论是作为车库等的台架测试设备，还是作为船用和RV用户的永久安装的电池监视器。这就给我们提供了一些备选方案以供我们实施，然后为您实际实现它？



      以下为原文

    Of course it *can* be done - commercial products are available that assess Lead Acid battery condition - either as bench test equipment for garages etc. or as permanently fitted battery monitors for marine and RV users. 
 
The question is: Do *YOU* have the skills to research possible methods of doing this, present some alternatives to us for advice on implementation, then for you to actually implement it?

我所掌握的技能是编程方面的，但我并不擅长了解如何测试铅酸电池，以便对其进行分类*损坏*或需要充电*。KEA测试器



      以下为原文

    The skills I have are those of programming but I am not expert to know better about how  lead acid battery can be tested in order to classify it *DAMAGED* or need to be *CHARGED* .
 
I f I get physical parameters I can just base on those physical conditions leading Lead Acid functionalities so I can make a tester for that.
 
Regards

你必须在网上做一些调查，看看是否有关于这个主题的信息。或者你可以自己做一些调查。



      以下为原文

    You will have to do some research on the internet to see if there is any information on the subject.
Or you can do some research yourself.

虽然铅酸电池在概念上相当简单，但其正确的保养和维护是复杂的。我建议您浏览一下http://batteryuniversity.com/的铅酸部分，以获得一个概览。在我的脑海中，我可以想到四种主要的失效方式：脱落-铅化合物，当盘子在充电和盘子之间循环时，它们由稍微变化的体积组成RGED。最终，它们趋向于从板栅状固体铅框架中释放出来，作为松散材料落到电池底部，导致容量永久性损失，最终导致电池变短。如果它们长得太大，那么它们的溶解度很低，并且缺乏孔隙，这往往使板表面绝缘，使得很难逆转电化学反应来给电池充电。此外，较大晶体的生长倾向于取代残留的活性板材料，从而导致脱落。硫酸盐只能在低的充电状态下发生，并且大晶体的形成需要时间，所以如果电池保持适当的充电并在使用后迅速充电，那么硫酸盐是很罕见的。售后抗硫酸盐添加剂和电子脉冲“脱硫剂”几乎都是纯蛇油。电解质损失-充电的最后阶段总是电解电解质中的一些水。所谓的密封电池通常含有催化剂将氢气和氧气重新组合回到水中，但它只能缓慢地进行。因此持续的过充电会导致电解质流失。一旦失去足够的电解液以暴露板的任何部分，该部分就趋于干涸和硫酸盐，并且剩余电解液的酸浓度增加会增加板框架的腐蚀速率。破裂或高电阻的内部连接-这一个是致命的，好像哟u重载有故障的新充电电池，（例如，通过操作车辆启动器），你可以在电池的顶部空间产生电弧，这可能导致氢气爆炸。如果没有一个设计适当的加强电池盒，铅板块和飞来飞去的沸腾热酸对你或附近任何设备都不好。幸运的是，有裂纹的内部连接很少。前三个显示为高于预期的内阻和低容量，并可能高于通常的自放电速率。第四个显示为正常容量的更高电阻，但是如果您像您需要的那样进行高脉冲负载测试，为了正确地评估内部电阻，如果任何内部链接有裂纹，您就有爆炸的危险。



      以下为原文

    Although Lead Acid batteries are conceptually fairly simple, their proper care and maintenance is complicated.  I would suggest picking through the Lead Acid sections of http://batteryuniversity.com/ to get an overview.
 
Off the top of my head, I can think of four main ways they tend to fail:

• Shedding - the Lead compounds the plates are composed of change volume slightly as they cycle between charged and discharged.  Eventually they tend to work loose from the  plate's grid-like framework of solid lead and drop to the bottom of the cell as loose material resulting in permanent loss of capacity and eventually a shorted cell.
  
• Suphation - micro-crystals of Lead Sulphate are a normal part of the discharge process but if they grow too big, their very low solubility and lack of porosity tends to insulate the plate surface making it very difficult to reverse the electrochemical reaction to recharge the cell.  Also the growth of larger crystals tends to displace the remaning active plate material leading to shedding.  Sulphation  can only happen at low states of charge and the large crystals take time to form, so is rare if the battery is kept properly charged and is recharged promptly after use.  Aftermarket anti-Sulphation additives and electronic pulsed 'desulphators' are almost invariably pure snake oil.
  
• Electrolyte loss - The final stage of charging always electrolyses some of the water in the electrolyte.  So-called sealed batteries usually contain a catalyst to recombine Hydrogen and Oxygen back to water, but it can only do this slowly.  Therefore sustained overcharging will cause electrolyte loss.  Once enough electrolyte is lost to expose any part of a plate, that part tends to dry out and sulphate, and the increased acid concentration of the remaining electrolyte increases the rate of corrosion of the plate framework.
  
• cracked or high resistance internal links - this one's the killer as if you heavily load a faulty freshly charged battery, (e.g. by operating the vehicle starter) you can get arcing in the head-space of the cell which is likely to cause a hydrogen explosion. If not contained by a properly designed reinforced battery box, chunks of lead plates and a spay of boiling hot acid flying about are not good for you or any equipment in the vicinity.  Fortunately cracked internal links are rare.
  

The first three show up as a higher than expected internal resistance and lower capacity, and possibly a higher than usual self-discharge rate.  The fourth shows as higher resistance with normal capacity, but if you do a high pulsed load test like you need to, to properly assess the internal resistance you risk an explosion if any of the internal links have a crack.
 
 
 

JeAN12是一个专业的2-3年的微芯片产品经验。还有一个名为JeAN120的姓氏，他们声称是一名EE学生，我认为他们是同一个。后者似乎更有可能，而这些讨论很可能是呼唤帮助决定一个论文项目，然后要求我们做完课程所需的所有工作。被问的问题是非常基本的，我认为没有尝试做原始的研究，甚至没有任何合理的工作机会来组织一个初步的PIC项目。



      以下为原文

    Jean12 is supposedly a professional with 2-3 years of experience with Microchip products. There is also a Jean120 with the same last name who purports to be an EE student, and I think they are one and the same. The latter seems more likely, and these discussions are probably cries for help deciding on a thesis project and then asking us to do all the work required to complete the course. The questions being asked are very basic and I see no attempt being made to do original research or even putting together a rudimentary PIC project with any reasonable chance of working.

我的朋友，你在撒谎，Jean12和jean120不一样，我想如果你不能不让别人帮忙，那会更好，这是有益的忠告，而不是撒谎！不要骚扰我！我不是学生，但我是



      以下为原文

    My friend you are lying,Jean12 and jean120 are not the same,I think it could be better if you can`t help let others help ;its helpful and good advise rather than lying!!don`t harass me!!I am not a student but I was

我可以告诉你，它可以包括一些非常复杂的建模和处理，远远超出了这里讨论的PIC，特别是对于EV应用程序，您不想在无处耗尽电量。



      以下为原文

   
I can tell you that it can include some pretty sophisticated modelling and processing, well beyond the PICs mooted here, especially for EV applications where you do not want to run out of charge in the middle of nowhere.

自从Microchip退出了电池SOC市场。HTTP://www. Ti.COM/LIT/WP/SLPY02/SLIPY2.2.PDF



      以下为原文

    Since microchip exited the battery SOC market.
http://www.ti.com/lit/wp/slpy002/slpy002.pdf

我的房子由太阳能电池板供电，铅酸电池是一个储藏室。非常简单的安培小时计数工作很好。我唯一要解释的是在充电后期的水脱氢的能量损失。既然铅酸蓄电池有特殊的能量损耗，我怀疑计时对其他类型的蓄电池会更有效。然而，我没有任何经验，与各种电池-这不是一个商业项目-只为我的房子，和我有相当不寻常的电池。



      以下为原文

    My house is powered by solar panels with lead-acid batteries being a storage. Very simple ampere-hour counting works very well. The only thing I had to account for is energy losses on water dehydrogenation at later stages of charging. Since such energy losses are specific to lead-acid batteries, I'd suspect ampere-hour counting would work even better for other battery types. However, I don't have any experience with various batteries - this wasn't a commercial project - just for my house, and the batteries that I have are rather unusual.
 

我浏览过你的其他文章，你似乎在玩弄各种随机项目，使用你明显不懂的代码。我和其他人已经提供了详细的帮助，但是你总是忽略这些建议，并且显然希望我们为你编写代码和设计电路。这种情况不会发生。我建议你从一个愚蠢的简单项目开始，比如用一个电位器在一个ADC输入上用PWM设置LED闪烁。当你工作时，添加一些功能。如果你对这样一个简单的项目有困难，我们当然可以帮忙。但是，看起来你并不是一个“有2-3年微芯片产品经验的专业人士”。如果是这样的话，请展示一些你完成的工作项目。眨眼：我不是故意要骚扰你，但我认为你对我们不诚实，你似乎不愿意或不能接受并执行你给出的有用的建议。



      以下为原文

   
I have scanned through your other posts and you seem to be fooling around with all sorts of random projects and using code that you obviously do not understand. I and others have offered detailed help but you constantly ignore the advice and apparently want us to write the code and design the circuitry for you. That's not going to happen. I suggest you start with a stupid simple project like blinking an LED with PWM set by a potentiometer on an ADC input. When you get that working, add some functionality. If you have trouble with such a simple project, we can certainly help. grin:
But it certainly does not seem that you are a "professional with 2-3 years experience with Microchip products". If so, please show some of your finished, working projects for which you got paid. wink:
 
I don't mean to harass you, but I think you have not been honest with us, and you seem unwilling or unable to accept and implement the helpful advice you have been given.

镍也有同样的问题。过多的热量被加热掉了。你可以永远地给他们充电。这意味着放电是唯一可以校准容量的时间。由于锂离子不能被过度充电，这对他们来说不是问题。如果你每天都骑自行车，方法很好。重复偏周期的问题是系统误差随自放电的累积和。这最终会产生错误的SOC。



      以下为原文

    Nickel has the same issue. Overcharge is disapated as heat. You can trickle charge them forever. This means a discharge is the only time you can calibrate the capacity. Since LI-ion can not be overcharged it is not an issue for them. If you are full cycling each day the method is fine. The issue with repeative partial cycles is the accumulative sum of system errors along with self discharge. This will eventually produce wrong SOC.