哪些参数会影响麦克风频率响应？哪种评估频率响应的最佳方法？

麦克风的频率响应可以在音频频带上变化，这取决于三个参数：通风孔，前室几何形状和后室几何形状。通风孔和后腔几何形状对低频行为有影响，而高频行为仅取决于前腔的几何形状。高频下的行为可以是由亥姆霍兹效应引起的共振峰值。这种共振是空腔中的空气共振现象。事实上，它取决于麦克风前室的尺寸，代表空气谐振的声腔。当需要自然声音和系统的高清晰度时，具有平坦频率响应的麦克风是合适的。
 
 
 评估频率响应的最佳方法是相对于平坦校准参考麦克风，在整个音频带上的灵敏度的相对测量。为了以这种方式测量频率响应，强烈建议使用专业校准麦克风作为参考。
 
 问候，
 亚历山德罗



以下为原文





The frequency response of a microphone can vary across the audio frequency band depending on three parameters: the ventilation hole, the front chamber geometry, and back chamber geometry. The ventilation hole and the back chamber geometry have an impact on the behavior at low frequencies while the behavior at high frequencies depends on the geometry of the front chamber only. Behavior at high frequencies can be a resonance peak caused by the Helmholtz effect. This resonance is the phenomenon of air resonance in a cavity. As a matter of fact, it depends on the dimension of the front chamber of the microphone, representing the sound cavity in which the air resonates. A microphone with a flat frequency response is suitable when natural sound and high intelligibility of the system is required.


The best way to evaluate the frequency response is a relative measurement of the sensitivity, across the entire audio band, with respect to a flat calibrated reference microphone. In order to measure the frequency response in such way it is strongly recommended to use a professional calibrated microphone as reference.   

Regards,
Alessandro