spring实例
spring至关重要的一环就是装配,即配置文件的编写,接下来我按刚才实际过程中一步步简单讲解。
首先,要在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet,它是作为Spring MVC的前端控制器.必须在web.xml中配置好,如下
<servlet> <servlet-name>ntx</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> |
实际上,spring的配置文件可以分切到多个xml文件,我们这个简单的示例就把它配置到ntx.xml中
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans default-autowire="no" default-lazy-init="false" default-dependency-check="none" >
<bean id="loginService" class="ntx.service.serviceimpl.LoginServiceImpl"/>
<bean id="loginController" class="ntx.controller.LoginController"> <property name="loginService"> <ref bean="loginService"/> </property> <property name="gotoUrl"> <value>/showResult.jsp</value> </property> </bean>
<bean id="SimpleUrlHandlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping"> <property name="mappings"> <props> <prop key="/userLogin.do">loginController</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans> |
配置好上面的这些后,要在WEB-INF下要建立ntx-servlet.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"> <beans> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass"><value>org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView</value></property> <property name="prefix"><value></value></property> <property name="suffix"><value></value></property> </bean> </beans> |
接下来,要指明哪些请求将交给spring的DispatcherServlet来处理,所以在web.xml中添加<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ntx</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> |
为了能正确载入DispatcherServlet等配置文件,我们要在web.xml中配置一个上下文载入器ContextLoaderListener或者ContextLoaderServlet,我们这里为了兼容版本较低的Serlvet容器(实际上我采用的2.4),采用第二种:
<servlet> <servlet-name>context</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup> </servlet> |
这样就全部配置完毕了,当然,上面的ntx.xml是我在项目完成以后才配置完成的,这里不再多讲,有bean元素的配置大家可以参考有关资料理解,很容易理解的,下面再给出完整的web.xml配置以及java<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/ntx.xml</param-value> </context-param> <servlet> <servlet-name>ntx</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet> <servlet-name>context</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ntx</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app> |
根据ntx.xml知道,总共有三个java文件,LoginController.java是控制器,继承了最简单的Controller(实际上spring有很多控制器供我们选择),接下来是一个简单控制器的源码:
/** *//** * program NtxSpring * date 2006-9-27 * @author 张逸轩 */ package ntx.controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import ntx.service.LoginService;
/** *//**@spring.bean id="loginController" * @spring.property name="gotoUrl" value="/showResult.jsp" * @spring.property name="loginService" ref="loginService" */
/** *//** * 作用描述:spring示例 * * 说明:spring示例,以上的spring标签方便使用xdoclet生成spring配置文件 * * @author 张逸轩 * Copyright(c)2006 cleverfox */ public class LoginController implements Controller...{
private LoginService loginService ; private String gotoUrl; public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception ...{ String userName = request.getParameter("userName"); this.getUserInfo(request, userName); return new ModelAndView(this.getGotoUrl()); }
private void getUserInfo(HttpServletRequest request,String userName)...{ String userInfo = loginService.getUserInfo(userName); request.setAttribute("userInfo", userInfo); }
public String getGotoUrl() ...{ return gotoUrl; } public void setGotoUrl(String gotoUrl) ...{ this.gotoUrl = gotoUrl; } public LoginService getLoginService() ...{ return loginService; } public void setLoginService(LoginService loginService) ...{ this.loginService = loginService; }
} |
还有service层的接口以及实现,较简单。
package ntx.service; public interface LoginService ...{ public String getUserInfo(String userName); }package ntx.service.serviceimpl;
import ntx.service.LoginService;
public class LoginServiceImpl implements LoginService ...{ public String getUserInfo(String userName)...{ return "你的名字是:" + userName; } } |
好了,最后是两个jsp文件,一个index.jsp用来显示一个表单,输入名字,一个showResult.jsp用来显示结果,只贴出相关的代码:
<body> This is my Test Spring page. <br> <div> <form method="post" action="/userLogin.do"> <input type="text" name="userName" size="30"/><br/> <input type="submit" value="提交"/> </form> </div> </body>
<body> This is the Result: <br> <c:out value="${userInfo}" default="没有结果"/> </body> |
发布到tomcat或者其它Servlet容器可以正常使用,提交以后将显示:
This is the Result:
你的名字是:gavin
这是一个简单的入门示例,希望有助于刚接触spring的人加深对spring的理解。
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