什么简单发射器/接收器适用于水下使用？

什么样的水？盐水是很好的导体，这意味着它对大多数频率起屏蔽作用。潜艇使用非常低的频率通过它。



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    What sort of water?
Salt water is an excellent conductor, which means it acts as a shield to most frequencies.
Submarines use very low frequencies to get through it.
 

基本上，在水下使用任何现成的射频链路都是不可能的。光学系统可能在有限的范围内使用，但即使是清澈的水，你也可能无法达到你想要的范围的量级。如果有明显的浊度，最大范围会小得多。也许最好的选择是声学数据链接，但是它本身有问题。http://www.dosits.org/people/./.data.ater/给出了可能性的概述。你不会找到现成的硬件来做到这一点，以合理的价格。甚至所涉及的换能器都高度专业化，通常每个成本数百美元。您需要保持载波频率尽可能低，以最大化范围，但这将严重影响您的最大数据速率。此外，在开放水域环境中，您需要远离商业捕鱼器和深度探测仪使用的频带。



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    http://users.tpg.com.au/users/ldbutler/Underwater_Communication.pdf
Basically its impossible to use any sort of off-the-shelf RF link underwater.
 
Optical systems may be possible with limited range, but even clear water you'll probably not get within an order of magnitude of the range you want.  If there is significant turbidity, max range will be far less.
 
Probably the best option would be an acoustic data link, but that has problems of its own.
http://www.dosits.org/people/communications/transmitdataunderwater/
gives an overview of the possibilities.  You aren't going to find off-the-shelf hardware to do this at an affordable price.  Even the transducers involved are highly specialised and typically cost hundreds of dollars each.  You need to keep the carrier frequency as low as possible to maximise range, but that will seriously impact your maximum data rate.  Also, in an open-water environment, you'll need to stay well away from frequency bands used by commercial fish-finders and depth sounders.

嗨，又来了！我们在谈论咸水。我不需要速度链接通信。只是几次叮咬几次。我需要发送一些简单激活SygAL的东西。并且接受它！我想使用一些叮咬代码只是为了避免干扰和错误激活。发送者必须发送少量的咬合以确保接收者接受它。例如每10-30分钟就会发生一次，任何建议！



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    Hi, again! We are talking about salty water. I don`t need speed link communication. Just to send a few bites several times. I need to send something like simple activation sygnal. And to recieve it! I want to use a few bites code just to avoid interferences and false activation. The sender has to transmit a few bites just to ensure the recievers recieved it. This will happen once per 10-30 mins for example.
Any suggestions!

你离地面有多近？查看项目SKIGIN和项目精灵的维基文章。使用惊人的功率，在任何深度向潜艇发射。我似乎记得一个亚反应，他们必须靠近表面，或有一个拴住浮标浮出水面。



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    How close are you to the surface?
 
Check out the Wiki article on Project Sanguin and Project Elf.   Amazing amount of power was used, to transmit to submarines at any depth.  I seem to recall for a sub to respond they had to be close to the surface, or have a tethered buoy that came to the surface.
 
 

盐水意味着你的项目被淹没了。在没有数据或RC许可的频带中，使用无线电信号，以及实际的发射天线尺寸和功率电平，无法获得您想要的范围。最好使用尽可能低的频带（27MHzRC频带），你可以期望从带有大型定向天线的近地表高功率发射机接收到几米深的接收。我已经谈到了声学链路的可能性——它实用但肯定。利不会很便宜或很容易。有线或光纤连接有什么可能性吗？如果发射机和接收机没有明显的移动性，这是最好的选择。一个有线链接到表面天线浮标怎么办？



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    Salt water means your project is FUBARed.    There is no way of getting the range you want with a radio signal in a band that's licence-free for data or RC,  and a practical transmit antennae size and power level.  At best, using the lowest possible band (27MHz RC band), you could expect to get reception at a depth of a couple of meters from a near-by above-surface high power transmitter with a large directional antennae.
 
I've already touched on the possibilities of an acoustic link - its practical but certainly wont be cheap or easy.
 
Is there any possibility whatsoever of a wired or fibre-optic link, as that's really your best option if the transmitter and receiver aren't significantly mobile?   What about a wired link to surface antennae buoys?

这个想法是在一个语料库中构建一个接收者和一个发送器，并且该设备正在被激活（全部在水下）组中的其他设备来接收信号。我现在正在看超声波换能器。有可能使用这项技术吗？我没有找到适合音域的（到现在为止有5米），但我想有。你能给我发一个链接到适合声学链接建设的示意图或芯片吗？谢谢！



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    The idea is to contruct a reciever and a transmitter in one corpus and the device is being activated others in the group (all underwater) to recieve the sygnal. I`m looking at ultrasonic transducers now. Is it possible to use this technology? I don`t find one with suitable range( till now up to 5m), but I suppose there are. 
Can you send me a link to a schematic or chip suitable for acoustic link construction?
Thanks! 

我能找到的最有前途的论文不是在付费墙后面，而是：https://www.bluerobotics.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/brigid-benson-phd-.-on-.-piezo.pdfNo示意图或详细的零件列表，但是对于具有超索能力的电子设计者来说，那里有足够的细节。有执行类似系统的经验。多路径失真是一个主要问题，并且由于反射，该系统不能在大型混凝土游泳池中使用，所以您将需要访问一个体面的大小湖进行测试。



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    The most promising paper I could find that wasn't behind a pay-wall was:
https://www.bluerobotics.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/brigid-benson-phd-paper-on-underwater-piezo.pdf
No schematic or detailed parts list, but IMHO there is enough detail there for a competent electronics designer with ultrasound experience to implement a similar system.   Multi-path distortion is a major issue, and the system was unusable in a large concrete swimming pool due to the reflections, so you will need access to a decent sized lake for testing.