输出10~300伏特/400可调电压和电流显示在LCD上的高压电源

你可能会尝试到一个至少是远程相关的论坛。提示：这不是。



      以下为原文

    You might try posting to a forum that is at least remotely related.  Hint: this ain't it.

你尝试的不是一个简单的任务。我通常的警告是：如果你没有设计主电源连接设备，特别是开关电源，停止！使用主电源连接的电子设备对你和你的产品最终用户都是危险的。有可能造成火灾，只是受伤，甚至被杀害，如果你不知道，并遵循良好的安全做法和程序。找一个有经验的当地人，指导你设计、建设和测试这样的电源。所有的问题都是一个基本的问题，你是作为一个家庭项目或实验，作为一个学校项目，还是作为一个你想要销售的产品的设计？如上所述，对于这个问题，有更好的论坛（例如LinkedIn上的任意数量的电源设计组）。



      以下为原文

    What you are attempting is not a simple task.
 
My usual warning: if you are not experienced in designing mains connected equipment, and switch mode power supplies in particular, STOP!  Working with mains connected electronics is dangerous - both for you and the eventual user of your product.  There is a real possibility of causing a fire, simply getting hurt, or even getting killed if you do not know and follow good safety practice and procedure.  Find somebody local that is experienced and can guide you through the design, construction, and testing of such a power supply.
 
All that said, a basic question is are you attempting this as a home project or experiment, as a school project, or as a design for a product that you want to sell?

And as above, there are better forums (such as any number of power supply design groups on LinkedIn) for this question.
 

谢谢你的回复，这不是一个家庭项目或实验。我知道风险（因为我是一个电子工程师35年，但不是专门在电力SMPS）。我建议探索相移技术。有趣的是，关于MCU的关系，我认为它是直接相关的，因为它将由一个带有LCD和键盘的8位PIC来控制和监控。PWM控制的PIC是控制H桥或线性电路的必要条件。在任何情况下，我都不会再麻烦了，管理员/主持人。如果与论坛其他部分无关，则可以自由删除该线程。



      以下为原文

    Thank you for the replies.
This is not a home project or experiment. I know the risks, (as I am an electronics engineer for 35 years but not specifically on power SMPS).
 
I was suggested to explore the Phase shifted technique. Looks interesting.
 
Regarding the relation to MCU, I think it is directly related as it will be controlled and monitored by an 8-bit PIC with LCD and Keyboard.
 
An PWM enabled PIC is a must to control either H bridge or a Linear circuit.
 
In any case I will not bother more and an Administrator/Moderator can freely delete this thread if not related to the rest of the forum.
 
Ioannis

我想你会得到更多（急切）的帮助，当你问更具体的问题处理PIC和编程。有几个人经常在电源领域有大量的知识，在PIC编程和硬件设计方面有很多相同的知识。坚持下去，并提出更具体的PIC相关问题。



      以下为原文

    I think you will get more (eager) help when you ask more specific questions that deal with the pic and programming. There are a few who frequent this forum that have a great deal of knowledge in the power supply arena and quite a few with same in pic programming and hardware design. Stick with it and ask more specific pic related questions.

+1特别是当你问一个设备，可以很容易地杀死人！



      以下为原文

    +1
particularly when you are asking about a device that can easily kill people!
 

我建议从0至12V或0至24V开关电源开始，然后简单地扩大到300伏特时，你有低电压设计工作。这里是一个相当不错的应用程序，用于SMPS拓扑选择：HTTP:/WW1.MICCHIP.COM/DeLoSs/En/AppNoSe/01114A.PDFWEY是一个项目，在8安培开关电源上制造0～45 VDC。它不使用PIC，但您可以使用微控制器：HTTPS://www. EngRelo.COM/04-45 V-8C-DC-Cwitter电源供电电路/这里是一个3-60伏，40安培，开关电源项目：HTTP://www. dayk.cZ/Re60vvEn.HTMLL是一个简单的PWM直流电源的模拟：



      以下为原文

    I would advise starting with a 0-12V or 0-24V switching supply and then simply scale up to 300 volts when you have the low voltage design working. Here is a pretty good app note for SMPS topology selection:
 
http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/AppNotes/01114A.pdf
 
Here is a project to make a 0-45 VDC at 8 amp switching supply. It doesn't use a PIC but you could adapt it to use a microcontroller:
 
https://www.eleccircuit.com/0-45v-8a-dc-switching-power-supply-circuit/
 
Here is a 3-60 volt, 40 amp, switching power supply project:
 
http://www.danyk.cz/reg60v_en.html
 
Here is a simulation of a simple PWM DC supply:
 

我不认为你会从一个8位的照片中得到它。更像是快速DSPIC。具有电池充电器和逆变技术的PSU经验25年。虽然你的输出功率要求不是很大~150 WI，但是你的请求不在这个论坛上，主要是软件相关的工程师。（我欢迎撰稿人的评论，如果他们觉得我是不正当的）尝试看1421-白金额定的AC/DC参考设计使用DSPIC DSC的开始。



      以下为原文

   
I don't think you are going to get that out of an 8 bit PIC. more like fast dsPIC maybe. Having 25years of PSU experience with Battery charger and inverter technology. While your output power requirements are not great ~150W
I think your request is out of the realm of this forum of mostly software related engineers. (I welcome contributors comments on this if they feel I am being unjustified) Try looking at AN1421 - Platinum-Rated AC/DC Reference Design Using the dsPIC DSC for a start.

相当一段时间前，我设计了一个直流电源，输出功率为48, 125，250伏直流电，在1安培，使用相位发射SCR。缺点是需要隔离50/60赫兹的变压器，需要在输出上需要大的、大的电感器和电容器进行滤波。输出调节也很棘手，特别是轻负载。高频开关电源具有成本、尺寸和重量的许多优点。我为各种类型的电源找到了一个相当综合的资源，包括相控的SCR或三端双向可控硅开关：HTTP://www. DelfTEK.COM/WP-内容/上载/2012/04/HP-电源手册，PDFCAR SCR理论和电路。TS:HTTP://www. nutsVal.com /CaseNe/ToeLe/ScRulePrimulsSand和AX电路更多的SCR信息：HTTP//www. McGOOTD.Bthunun.COM/Studio/CCI/TealiCal/SCR-GuID.PDF



      以下为原文

    Quite some time ago I designed a DC power supply with outputs of 48, 125, and 250 VDC, at 1 amp, using a phase-fired SCR. The disadvantages are that you need a 50/60 Hz transformer for isolation, and you need large, heavy inductors and capacitors on the output for filtering. Output regulation is also tricky, especially with light loads. High frequency switching supplies have many advantages of cost, size, and weight.
 
I found a pretty comprehensive resource for various types of power supplies, including phase-fired SCRs or TRIACs:
http://www.delftek.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/HP-power-supply-handbook.pdf
 
Some SCR theory and circuits:
http://www.nutsvolts.com/magazine/article/scr_principles_and_circuits
 
More SCR info:
http://www.mcgoff-bethune.com/manufact/cci/technical/SCR-Guide.PDF
 
 

谢谢大家的回复。MCU将用于监视操作，所以8位希望是可以的。IONANISP。S.我只能张贴在同一台PC上，我打开了线程。这正常吗？



      以下为原文

    Thank you all for the replies.
 
MCU will be used for the monitoring of the operation, so 8-bit hopefully is OK.
 
Ioannis
 
P.S. I can only post on the same PC that I opened the thread. Is this normal?

那么你是怎么想使用相移的呢？我赞成@ PStechPaul为您提供设计信息进行研究，但今天的PFC要求和EMC符合性，我不认为SCR切换将削减它。当然，如果你正在寻找从10到300 V调节良好的清洁直流输出。像@ PStechPaul说，你需要大电感器和滤波电容器。对于具有边际性能的400毫安输出来说，似乎不值得。



      以下为原文

    So how were you thinking of using phase shifting? I upvoted @PStechPaul for providing you with design information to research, but with today's PFC requirements and EMC compliance I don't think SCR switching is going to cut it. Certainly not if you are looking to regulate from 10 to 300V with a good clean DC output. Like @PStechPaul says you will need big inductors and filter capacitors. Hardly seems worth it for 400mA output with marginal performance.

关于你想要达到的一些问题…这是一种产品的开发吗？如果是这样，什么市场（地理和应用程序，这样我们就可以知道什么安全和EMI规则适用）？例如，如果这是一个实验室仪器，那么安全要求与医疗设备有很大的不同。什么是发展的优先事项（所有这些不能成为优先事项）？BOM成本，销售价格，开发时间，尺寸和重量，效率。你说240 VAC输入。什么是实际输入电压，单位必须正确工作？你有没有持续275 VAC，如在中国或澳大利亚的部分？你必须在日本200 VAC工作吗？这可以追溯到市场问题，也可以应用于市场。输入电源频率范围是多少？47到53赫兹？45到55赫兹？45到65赫兹？你对交流电源插座和插座的需求有什么要求？直流输出是否需要与交流输入隔离？如果是的话，大概是加绝缘的。输入需要功率因数校正吗？用户与电源控制和监控电路之间的通信接口是什么？你会使用一个已建立的协议，比如PMBUS®吗？在RS-232线路上使用自己的协议？将嵌入式Web服务器放在电源中，通过以太网或无线链路进行通信？带有自定义驱动程序的USB？我知道这是很多问题，但这只是我们需要知道的开始这个项目的开始。



      以下为原文

    Some questions about what you are trying to achieve...
 
Is this a development of a product to be sold?  If so, what markets (geography and application, so that we can know what safety and EMI regulations apply)?  For example, if this is a laboratory instrument then the safety requirements are much different than for medical equipment.
 
What are the development priorities (and all of these cannot be the priority)? BOM cost, sales price, development time, size and weight, efficiency.
 
You say 240 Vac input.  What is the actual input voltage over which the unit must work properly?  Do you have operate with sustained 275 Vac such as in China or parts of Australia?  Do you have to work at 200 Vac as in Japan?  This goes back to the markets question but also the application.  What range of input mains frequency?  47 -53 Hz? 45 - 55 Hz?  45 - 65 Hz?  What are your requirements for the ride through of ac power sags and dropouts?
 
Does the dc output need galvanic isolated from the ac input?  If so, presumably with reinforced insulation.
 
Does the input require power factor correction?
 
What is the communications interface between the user and the power supply control and monitoring circuit?  Are you going to use an established protocol such as the PMBus®?  Use your own protocol over a RS-232 line?  Put an embedded web server in the power supply and communicate via ethernet or a wireless link?  USB with a custom driver?
 
I know this is a lot of questions but it only the start of what one needs to know to do this project.
 
 
 

我看不到TI相移电源和普通PWM电源之间的区别，例如：我的理解是在交流侧工作的相移设计。TI设计假定一个直流母线，它将由交流线路上的整流器和电容器产生，就像普通的开关PSU。PFC将是非常需要的，特别是对于更高功率的应用。



      以下为原文

    I don't see the difference between the TI phase shifted supply and an ordinary PWM supply, like this:
 

 
My understanding was that a phase shifted design worked on the AC side. The TI design assumes a DC bus which would be produced by rectifiers and capacitors on the AC line, like an ordinary switching PSU. PFC would be much desired, especially for higher power applications.

正如BobWhite指出的，您的输入电压范围问题可以通过使用宽输入电压范围为85至265V的功率因数校正电路来克服这一问题。这将给您一个非隔离直流电压为355V。请查看使用I11的国际整流器AN-1077。50秒。然后你可以通过隔离变压器斩断和馈电，获得10-300伏。对于8位PWM，每一步300伏/ 255步给你一个1.1765伏的分辨率。如果你需要更好的分辨率，还有更多的选择。我认为你的TI移相控制解决方案倾向于一个DSPIC设备，而不是一个简单的8位设备。你有一些选择。



      以下为原文

    As @BobWhite pointed out about the your input voltage range problems you can overcome this by using a Power Factor Correction circuit with wide input voltage range of 85 - 265V. This will give you a non isolated DC voltage of 385V. Have a look for International Rectifier AN-1077 which uses the IR1150S. You could then chop and feed that power in through an isolated transformer to get your 10-300V. For 8 bit PWM, 300V / 255 steps gives you a resolution of 1.1765V per step. If you need better resolution there are a few more options. I think your TI phase shifted control solution is tending towards a dsPIC device rather than a simple 8 bit device. You have some choices.

我的客户不太严格，需要1伏特的步骤。中图也有10位PWM，它将覆盖它只是罚款，我认为。Ir1150S看起来不错的PFC。我关心的是在355V总线斩至10。PWM脉冲必须从80%下降到2.7%，这促使我把移相看作是另一种选择。此外，我忘了提到，在这样的应用中，速度并不重要。意思是用户设置输出电压，然后点击按钮激活输出。



      以下为原文

    The not so strict specs of my client, require 1 volt step. The mid PICs have also 10-bit PWM which would cover it just fine I suppose.
 
IR1150S look good for the PFC. My concern is on the 385V Bus chopping down to 10. PWM Pulses have to vary from 80% down to 2,7% and that drives me to think Phase shifting as an alternative.
 
Also, I forgot to mention, speed is not critical in such applications. Meaning that user sets the output voltage and then hits the button to activate the output.

我找到了几个电泳电源供应商，看看他们可能有什么样的规格。这里有一个：HTTP://www-Bi-RAD.COM/EN-U/Studit/PoPCAP-通用电源？PCPL LoC＝CasPrdulm，我想知道纹波、阶跃响应、过冲和过流保护之类的东西。上面所示的模型具有恒压、恒流和恒功率的模式。还可编程，具有存储容量等特点。大约2500美元。



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    I found several suppliers of electrophoresis power supplies, to see what sort of specifications they might have. Here is one:
http://www.bio-rad.com/en-us/product/powerpac-universal-power-supply?pcp_loc=catprod
 

Mostly, I wanted to know such things as ripple, step response, overshoot, and overcurrent protection. The model shown above has modes for constant voltage, constant current, and constant power. Also programmable with storage capacity, and other features. It's about $2500.

脉宽调制稳压和稳压的优点在于，如果您的ON时间占总时间的10%，则可以预期在输出上存在10%的电压。这就成了比例问题。如果你保证每个调节器给你355V，然后在10位分辨率（1024步），每一步将保证给你0.366V每一步。当然，如果你的PWM频率太高，你可能会有电感要考虑，如果太低，开关噪声将很难过滤掉。更容易去标准的PWM技术与H'桥，在那里你可以编程一些死亡时间到您的开关。这将有助于防止FET或IGBT由于交叉导电而被炸毁。PWM和8位CPU将工作良好。我为微步进步进电机驱动实现了类似的事情，它的广告效果良好。



      以下为原文

   
The beauty of pulse width modulating a regulated and steady voltage is that if your on time is say 10% of the total time you can expect 10% of the voltage to be present on the output. It then simply becomes a problem of proportionality. If you are guaranteed the the per-regulator is giving you 385V then at 10 bit resolution (1024 steps) each step will guarantee to give you 0.376V per step. Of course if your PWM frequency is too high you may have inductance to consider, and if too low, switching noise will be difficult to filter out. Much easier to go for standard PWM technique with a H'bridge where you can program some dead time into your switching. This will help prevent FET's or IGBT'S from blowing up due to cross conduction. PWM and 8bit CPU will work fine for that. I implemented a similar thing for a micro step stepper motor drive and it worked as advertised.

为了电泳的目的，幸运的是，波纹、噪声或完美的调节并不重要。负载几乎是稳定的，所以给定电源的电压是预先调节的，也将是稳定的。现在，对于1kHz的PWM FRQ，在80%占空比下的355Volt提供大约308伏和脉冲宽度为800μECC。在2，7%的情况下，给出了104伏，脉冲宽度为27 USEC。下侧，使脉冲宽度不太窄。我认为在输出端控制从355V直流轨到10-300伏的通过MOSFET是可行的。



      以下为原文

    For the purpose of electrophoresis, ripple, noise or perfect regulation, fortunately, is not too important. The load is almost stable, so the voltage, given the source is pre-regulated, will be stable too.
Now, for a PWM freq of 1KHz, the 385Volt at 80% duty gives about 308 Volt and pulse width of 800usec.
At 2,7% gives 10,4 Volts and a pulse width of 27usec.
My selection of 1KHz is more of a random to the lower side, so that the pulse width is not too narrow.
I think it is viable to control a pass MOSFET from a 385V dc rail to a 10-300 volt at the output.

1kHz过低，可听，输出变压器会更大。任何20kHz和以上将更适合（25kHz -40kHz）。大多数传统PWM变换器IC容易在这些频率下工作。别忘了PFC预调节器不是孤立的，所以你需要驱动第二个变压器来提供隔离。我可以从EVBo博客视频中看到，PSU标准的输出调节很差，这是可以接受的。我认为我能够在20kHz的PWM输出频率下运行PIC16F63。就在音频范围之外。现在CPU有更多的选择。



      以下为原文

    1KHz is too low and would be audible and output transformer would be larger. Anything 20KHz and above would be more suitable (25KHz - 40KHz). Most conventional PWM converter IC's easily operate at these frequencies. Don't forget that PFC pre-regulator is not isolated so you need to drive a second transformer to provide isolation. I can see from EEVblog video that output regulation is poor by PSU standards and this is acceptable. I think I was able to operate a PIC16F73 at 20Khz PWM output frequency. It's just out of the audio range. There are much more choices of CPU now.