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周必镜

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[问答]

怎么使用HP8753D VNA验证谐振频率

我正在使用单极天线并尝试使用HP8753D VNA验证其谐振频率。
我正在使用的过程如下所述:1。使用S11-1端口校准方法校准VNA。
2.使用同轴电缆将天线连接到VNA,并检查频率范围内的S11参数图。
3.对于7.6厘米的长度,我应该有大约1 GHz的谐振频率,但是我也会在更高的频率(大约3.5 GHz)下获得更大的下降。
根据逻辑,我应该只在谐振频率下降。
请告知上述情况背后可能的原因。
谢谢...!!

以上来自于谷歌翻译


     以下为原文

  I am using a monopole antenna and trying to verify its resonant frequency using an HP8753D VNA. The process I am using is as explained below:

1. Calibrate the VNA using S11-1 port calibration method.
2. Connect the antenna using a co-axial cable to the VNA and check the S11 parameter graph over the frequency range.  
3. For a length of 7.6 cms, I should have resonant frequency around 1 GHz, however I am also getting larger dips at higher frequencies (at around 3.5 GHz). As per the logic I should only have a dip at the resonant frequency.  

Please advise what could be the possible reason behind the above mentioned situation.

Thanks...!!  

回帖(27)

孔德羲

2019-3-5 07:44:11
天线响应非常复杂。
很有可能你正在寻找天线的1/4波长第一响应,在3.5 GHZ时,你也会看到3/4波长响应,这也是许多天线结构的有效过模频率。
并且,地平面效应可以对视在频率产生非常强烈的影响(高达50%或更多)。
外导体的影响会产生寄生响应,如果天线是1/4波鞭状,则应使用接地平面。
这就是为什么需要非常昂贵的天线测试范围来进行精确测量。

以上来自于谷歌翻译


     以下为原文

  Antenna responses are notoriously complicated.  Very likley you are looking for the 1/4 wavelength first response of the antenna, at 3.5 GHZ, you would also be seeing the 3/4 wavelength response, which is also a valid overmode frequency for many antenna structures.

And, ground plane effects can have a very strong influence (up to 50% or more) on the apparent frequency.  The effect of the outer conductor can generate spurious responses, and a ground plane should be used if the antenna is of a 1/4 wave whip type.

This is why very expensive antenna test ranges are needed for precise measurement.
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周必镜

2019-3-5 07:57:05
引用: 脑洞大赛9 发表于 2019-3-5 07:44
天线响应非常复杂。
很有可能你正在寻找天线的1/4波长第一响应,在3.5 GHZ时,你也会看到3/4波长响应,这也是许多天线结构的有效过模频率。
并且,地平面效应可以对视在频率产生非常强烈的影响(高达50%或更多)。

由于我们使用网络分析仪估计天线的调谐频率,因此辐射电阻和抗损耗的概念是否与在不同频率下显示的多次下降有关。
此外,为了交叉检查,我们可以去测量S11和S21参数。
对于调谐频率,我们应该观察到该频率的下降(在S11的情况下),而我们应该观察该频率的峰值(对于S21)。

以上来自于谷歌翻译


     以下为原文

  Whether the concepts of radiative resistance and loss resistance have got anything to do with the multiple dips being shown at different frequencies, since we are using a network analyzer to estimate the tuning frequency of the antenna.

Moreover, in order to cross check can we go for measuring both S11 and S21 parameters. For a tuning frequency, we should observe a dip (in case of S11) at that frequency whereas we should observe a peak (for S21) at that frequency.
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李青

2019-3-5 08:07:50
引用: kiifwerw 发表于 2019-3-5 07:57
由于我们使用网络分析仪估计天线的调谐频率,因此辐射电阻和抗损耗的概念是否与在不同频率下显示的多次下降有关。
此外,为了交叉检查,我们可以去测量S11和S21参数。
对于调谐频率,我们应该观察到该频率的下降(在S11的情况下),而我们应该观察该频率的峰值(对于S21)。

> {quote:title = saviour2009写道:} {quote}>辐射电阻和抗损耗的概念是否与在不同频率下显示的多次下降有关,因为我们使用网络分析仪估计调谐频率
天线
>>此外,为了交叉检查,我们可以去测量S11和S21参数。
对于调谐频率,我们应该观察到该频率的下降(在S11的情况下),而我们应该观察该频率的峰值(对于S21)。
您需要定义要测量的内容。
如果有人对我说天线被调谐到F的频率,那么我认为它们意味着它在F处产生共振。这就是定义意味着输入阻抗纯粹是真实的。
那可能是也可能不是| S11 |的地方
骤降。
它经常在一个设计合理的天线中。
测量天线的合理测量位置,必须考虑电缆长度的影响,因为这会改变相位。
因此,更容易在电缆末端进行校准,并将其拧到天线上。
您要测量S21的唯一方法是使用另一个测试天线。
在这一点上出现了一系列全新的并发症。
同样,您需要定义要测量的内容。
对于BOTH天线,输入阻抗,自由空间路径损耗,辐射方向图,增益和实现的增益都会随频率而变化。
我怀疑你对你想测量的东西有点困惑。
您能否向我们提供有关天线的更多详细信息,以及您想要做什么?
请注意,8753系列上的长电缆存在问题,如果使用长电缆(这对于天线测量非常常见),则需要将扫描速度降低到低于仪器自动设置的速度。
戴夫。

以上来自于谷歌翻译


     以下为原文

  > {quote:title=saviour2009 wrote:}{quote}
> Whether the concepts of radiative resistance and loss resistance have got anything to do with the multiple dips being shown at different frequencies, since we are using a network analyzer to estimate the tuning frequency of the antenna.

> Moreover, in order to cross check can we go for measuring both S11 and S21 parameters. For a tuning frequency, we should observe a dip (in case of S11) at that frequency whereas we should observe a peak (for S21) at that frequency.

You need to define what you want to measure. If someone said to me an antenna was tuned to a frequency of F, then I would think they mean it resonates at F. That be definition means the input impedance is purely real. That may or may not be where the |S11| dips. It quite often is in a reasonably well designed antenna. Measuring where the antenna is reasonate measure you must take into account the effect of the cable length, as that will alter the phase. Hence it is easier to calibrate on the end of the cable, and screw that to the antenna. 

The only way you are going to measure S21 is to use another test antenna. At which point a whole new set of complications arrise. Again, you would need to define what you what to measure. Input impedance, free space path loss, radiation pattern, gain and realized gain would all vary with frequency for BOTH antennas. 

I suspect you are a bit confused about what you want to measure. Can you give us more details about the antenna, and precisely what you want to do? 

Be aware there's an issue with long cables on the 8753 series, and that if you use long cables, which is quite common for antenna measurements, you need to slow the sweep speed down below that which is automatically set by the intrument. 

Dave.
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孔德羲

2019-3-5 08:18:47
引用: kiifwerw 发表于 2019-3-5 07:57
由于我们使用网络分析仪估计天线的调谐频率,因此辐射电阻和抗损耗的概念是否与在不同频率下显示的多次下降有关。
此外,为了交叉检查,我们可以去测量S11和S21参数。
对于调谐频率,我们应该观察到该频率的下降(在S11的情况下),而我们应该观察该频率的峰值(对于S21)。

> {quote:title = saviour2009写道:} {quote}>辐射电阻和抗损耗的概念是否与在不同频率下显示的多次下降有关,因为我们使用网络分析仪估计调谐频率
天线
>>此外,为了交叉检查,我们可以去测量S11和S21参数。
对于调谐频率,我们应该观察到该频率的下降(在S11的情况下),而我们应该观察该频率的峰值(对于S21)。
是的,你可以看看S21和S11,S21使用某种探测天线。
但根据我的经验,你不会在S21峰值的同一点发现S11倾角。
如果VNA的Z0与天线不匹配,S11下降将不会达到预期的频率。
不幸的是,较旧的VNA不允许阻抗转换,因此很难对此进行测试。
我在本书第5章(第5.5节)末尾讨论了很多这方面的内容,以及一些有用的数据:http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1119979552.html

以上来自于谷歌翻译


     以下为原文

  > {quote:title=saviour2009 wrote:}{quote}
> Whether the concepts of radiative resistance and loss resistance have got anything to do with the multiple dips being shown at different frequencies, since we are using a network analyzer to estimate the tuning frequency of the antenna.

> Moreover, in order to cross check can we go for measuring both S11 and S21 parameters. For a tuning frequency, we should observe a dip (in case of S11) at that frequency whereas we should observe a peak (for S21) at that frequency.

Yes, you can look at both S21 and S11, with S21 using some kind of probe antenna.   But it is my experience that you will not find S11 dips at the same point as S21 peaks.  And the S11 dips will not be at the expected frequencies if the Z0 of the VNA is not matched to the antenna.  Unfortunately, older VNAs did not allow impedance transformation so it is difficult to test this.  

I discussed a great deal about this at the end of Chapter 5 (section 5.5) of my book, along with several useful figures:

http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1119979552.html
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