Abstract The mixer is used in nearly all RF/Microwave systems for frequency translation.This seminar explains how mixers provide this function and why they often generate so many spurious outputs as well. Issues such as single vs. double balanced,active vs. passive, nonlinear vs. switching mode mixers will be discussed. Mixer performance measures such as image rejection, conversion gain, gain compression,intercept and intermodulation, noise figure, dynamic range, and isolation will be explained.