2. 修改脚本链接文件将某些函数和数据编排到特定的区域内,脚本链接文件可以使用记事本打开。以AT32F413xC(FLASH=256K,SRAM=32K)为例,其划分区块默认如下:
/* Specify the memory areas */
MEMORY
{
FLASH (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x08000000, LENGTH = 256K
RAM (xrw) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 32K
}
r代表read-only,x代表可执行代码,w代表read/write,ORIGIN是该区块的起始地址,LENGTH是该区块的大小。
如果需要将某些函数和数据编排到特定的FLASH区域内,则可以将FLASH划分为几个区域,以下是将FLASH划分为3个区域,可以将函数和数据编排到任意一个区域内。
/* Specify the memory areas */
MEMORY
{
FLASH_1 (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x08000000, LENGTH = 128K
FLASH_2 (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x08020000, LENGTH = 64K
FLASH_3 (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x08030000, LENGTH = 64K
RAM (xrw) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 32K
}
比如需要把算法文件algorithm_1.c和algorithm_2.c内的函数和数据编排到FLASH_2区域内;把算法文件algorithm_3.c和algorithm_4.c内的函数和数据编排到FLASH_3区域内。则需要在SECTIONS添加设置,如下红色部分。完整的脚本链接文件请参考附录1。
/* Define output sections */
SECTIONS
{
/* The startup code goes first into FLASH */
.isr_vector :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
. = ALIGN(4);
} >FLASH_1
.algorithm_code1 :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*algorithm_1.o (.text .text*);
*algorithm_2.o (.text .text*);
. = ALIGN(4);
} > FLASH_2
.algorithm_code2 :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*algorithm_3.o (.text .text*);
*algorithm_4.o (.text .text*);
. = ALIGN(4);
} > FLASH_3
/* The program code and other data goes into FLASH */
.text :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*(.text) /* .text sections (code) */
*(.text*) /* .text* sections (code) */
*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*algorithm_1.o * algorithm_2.o) .text .text*)
*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*algorithm_3.o * algorithm_4.o) .text .text*)
*(.glue_7) /* glue arm to thumb code */
*(.glue_7t) /* glue thumb to arm code */
*(.eh_frame)
KEEP (*(.init))
KEEP (*(.fini))
. = ALIGN(4);
_etext = .; /* define a global symbols at end of code */
} >FLASH_1
1) .algorithm_code1和.algorithm_code2是自行命名的 section 名称,用户在实际编写时可以自定义名称。 { } 包含的 .o 文件就是要放进section 内的代码,{ } 末尾的 > FLASH_2 就是将 .algorithm_code1 这个 section 指定到先前定义的 FLASH_2 区块。例如algorithm_1.o、algorithm_2.o就是 algorithm_1.c 、algorithm_2.c这两个 c 代码文档编译后的 object code, 写在这个c 文档里的函数和数据,就全部会被编排到此section 内。假设有10个函数,那 10 个函数就都会被放进来。
注意:
1) .o 文件名前面都要加 * 号, 代表要将这个文件中的全部代码和数据都编排进来;
2) .text 和 .text* 是可执行的代码;
3) section 名称后的冒号与section 名称之间要加空格,如:.algorithm_ code1 :。
2) 将.text{ } section指定到FLASH_1 区块。一定要加入 EXECLUDE_FILE这个命令,使用 EXCLUDE_FILE标示的代码就不会被编排到FLASH_1,不然前面第1)点所作的设置就会失效。此区段内的*(.text)和 *(.text*), 就是告诉 linker 将EXCLUDE_FILE标示以外的代码都放到 .text 这个 section 内。
3. 对于AT32F403/AT32F413/AT32F403A/AT32F407等FLASH有零等待和非零等待的MCU,如果需要将某些函数和数据编排到零等待或者非零等待域内,则可以将FLASH划分为2个区域,如下是以AT32F413xC(FLASH=256K,SRAM=32K)为例,可以将函数和数据编排到任意一个区域内。
/* Specify the memory areas */
MEMORY
{
FLASH_ZW (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x08000000, LENGTH = 96K
FLASH_NZW (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x08018000, LENGTH = 160K
RAM (xrw) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 32K
}
比如需要把对速率要求高的代码放到零等待,那么就可以将对速率要求不高的代码放到非零等待,留出零等待区存放对速率要求高的代码。比如将nzw_1.c和nzw_2.c内的函数和数据编排到FLASH_NZW区域内,则需要在SECTIONS添加设置,如下红色部分。完整的脚本链接文件请参考附录2。
/* Define output sections */
SECTIONS
{
/* The startup code goes first into FLASH */
.isr_vector :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
. = ALIGN(4);
} >FLASH_ZW
.nzw_code :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*nzw_1.o (.text .text*);
*nzw_2.o (.text .text*);
. = ALIGN(4);
} > FLASH_NZW
/* The program code and other data goes into FLASH */
.text :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*(.text) /* .text sections (code) */
*(.text*) /* .text* sections (code) */
*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*nzw_1.o * nzw_2.o) .text .text*)
*(.glue_7) /* glue arm to thumb code */
*(.glue_7t) /* glue thumb to arm code */
*(.eh_frame)
KEEP (*(.init))
KEEP (*(.fini))
. = ALIGN(4);
_etext = .; /* define a global symbols at end of code */
} >FLASH_ZW
1) .nzw_code是自行命名的 section 名称,用户在实际编写时可以自定义名称。 { } 包含的 .o 文件就是要放进section 内的代码,{ } 末尾的 > FLASH_NZW就是将 .nzw_code这个 section 指定到先前定义的 FLASH_NZW区块。例如nzw_1.o、nzw_2.o就是 nzw_1.c 、nzw_2.c这两个 c 代码文档编译后的 object code, 写在这个c 文档里的函数和数据,就全部会被编排到此section 内。假设有10个函数,那 10 个函数就都会被放进来。
注意:
1) .o 文件名前面都要加 * 号, 代表要将这个文件中的全部代码或数据都编排进来;
2) .text 和 .text* 是可执行的代码;
3) section 名称后的冒号与section 名称之间要加空格,如:.nzw_code :。
2) 将.text{ } section指定到FLASH_ZW 区块。一定要加入 EXECLUDE_FILE这个命令,使用 EXCLUDE_FILE标示的代码就不会被编排到FLASH_ZW,不然前面第 1)点所作的设置就会失效。此区段内的*(.text)和 *(.text*), 就是告诉 linker 将EXCLUDE_FILE标示以外的代码都放到 .text 这个 section 内。
附录1
/*
*****************************************************************************
**
** File : AT32F413xC_FLASH.ld
**
** Abstract : Linker script for AT32F413xC Device with
** 256KByte FLASH, 32KByte RAM
**
** Set heap size, stack size and stack location according
** to application requirements.
**
** Set memory bank area and size if external memory is used.
**
** Target : Artery Tek AT32
**
** Environment : Arm gcc toolchain
**
*****************************************************************************
*/
/* Entry Point */
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)
/* Highest address of the user mode stack */
_estack = 0x20008000; /* end of RAM */
/* Generate a link error if heap and stack don't fit into RAM */
_Min_Heap_Size = 0x200; /* required amount of heap */
_Min_Stack_Size = 0x400; /* required amount of stack */
/* Specify the memory areas */
MEMORY
{
FLASH_1 (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x08000000, LENGTH = 128K
FLASH_2 (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x08020000, LENGTH = 64K
FLASH_3 (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x08030000, LENGTH = 64K
RAM (xrw) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 32K
}
/* Define output sections */
SECTIONS
{
/* The startup code goes first into FLASH */
.isr_vector :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
. = ALIGN(4);
} >FLASH_1
.algorithm_code1 :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*algorithm_1.o (.text .text*);
*algorithm_2.o (.text .text*);
. = ALIGN(4);
} > FLASH_2
.algorithm_code2 :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*algorithm_3.o (.text .text*);
*algorithm_4.o (.text .text*);
. = ALIGN(4);
} > FLASH_3
/* The program code and other data goes into FLASH */
.text :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*(.text) /* .text sections (code) */
*(.text*) /* .text* sections (code) */
*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*algorithm_1.o *algorithm_2.o) .text .text*)
*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*algorithm_3.o *algorithm_4.o) .text .text*)
*(.glue_7) /* glue arm to thumb code */
*(.glue_7t) /* glue thumb to arm code */
*(.eh_frame)
KEEP (*(.init))
KEEP (*(.fini))
. = ALIGN(4);
_etext = .; /* define a global symbols at end of code */
} >FLASH_1
/* Constant data goes into FLASH */
.rodata :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*(.rodata) /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
*(.rodata*) /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
. = ALIGN(4);
} >FLASH_1
.ARM.extab : { *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*) } >FLASH_1
.ARM : {
__exidx_start = .;
*(.ARM.exidx*)
__exidx_end = .;
} >FLASH_1
.preinit_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
} >FLASH_1
.init_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
KEEP (*(.init_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
} >FLASH_1
.fini_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
KEEP (*(.fini_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
} >FLASH_1
/* used by the startup to initialize data */
_sidata = LOADADDR(.data);
/* Initialized data sections goes into RAM, load LMA copy after code */
.data :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
_sdata = .; /* create a global symbol at data start */
*(.data) /* .data sections */
*(.data*) /* .data* sections */
. = ALIGN(4);
_edata = .; /* define a global symbol at data end */
} >RAM AT> FLASH_1
/* Uninitialized data section */
. = ALIGN(4);
.bss :
{
/* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss secion */
_sbss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss start */
__bss_start__ = _sbss;
*(.bss)
*(.bss*)
*(COMMON)
. = ALIGN(4);
_ebss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss end */
__bss_end__ = _ebss;
} >RAM
/* User_heap_stack section, used to check that there is enough RAM left */
._user_heap_stack :
{
. = ALIGN(8);
PROVIDE ( end = . );
PROVIDE ( _end = . );
. = . + _Min_Heap_Size;
. = . + _Min_Stack_Size;
. = ALIGN(8);
} >RAM
/* Remove information from the standard libraries */
/DISCARD/ :
{
libc.a ( * )
libm.a ( * )
libgcc.a ( * )
}
.ARM.attributes 0 : { *(.ARM.attributes) }
}
附录2
/*
*****************************************************************************
**
** File : AT32F413xC_FLASH.ld
**
** Abstract : Linker script for AT32F413xC Device with
** 256KByte FLASH, 32KByte RAM
**
** Set heap size, stack size and stack location according
** to application requirements.
**
** Set memory bank area and size if external memory is used.
**
** Target : Artery Tek AT32
**
** Environment : Arm gcc toolchain
**
*****************************************************************************
*/
/* Entry Point */
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)
/* Highest address of the user mode stack */
_estack = 0x20007FFF; /* end of RAM */
/* Generate a link error if heap and stack don't fit into RAM */
_Min_Heap_Size = 0x200; /* required amount of heap */
_Min_Stack_Size = 0x400; /* required amount of stack */
/* Specify the memory areas */
MEMORY
{
FLASH_ZW (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x08000000, LENGTH = 96K
FLASH_NZW (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x08018000, LENGTH = 160K
RAM (xrw) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 32K
}
/* Define output sections */
SECTIONS
{
/* The startup code goes first into FLASH */
.isr_vector :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
. = ALIGN(4);
} >FLASH_ZW
.nzw_code :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*nzw_1.o (.text .text*);
*nzw_2.o (.text .text*);
. = ALIGN(4);
} > FLASH_NZW
/* The program code and other data goes into FLASH */
.text :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*(.text) /* .text sections (code) */
*(.text*) /* .text* sections (code) */
*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*nzw_1.o *nzw_2.o) .text .text*)
*(.glue_7) /* glue arm to thumb code */
*(.glue_7t) /* glue thumb to arm code */
*(.eh_frame)
KEEP (*(.init))
KEEP (*(.fini))
. = ALIGN(4);
_etext = .; /* define a global symbols at end of code */
} >FLASH_ZW
/* Constant data goes into FLASH */
.rodata :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*(.rodata) /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
*(.rodata*) /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
. = ALIGN(4);
} >FLASH_ZW
.ARM.extab : { *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*) } >FLASH_ZW
.ARM : {
__exidx_start = .;
*(.ARM.exidx*)
__exidx_end = .;
} >FLASH_ZW
.preinit_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
} >FLASH_ZW
.init_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
KEEP (*(.init_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
} >FLASH_ZW
.fini_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
KEEP (*(.fini_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
} >FLASH_ZW
/* used by the startup to initialize data */
_sidata = LOADADDR(.data);
/* Initialized data sections goes into RAM, load LMA copy after code */
.data :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
_sdata = .; /* create a global symbol at data start */
*(.data) /* .data sections */
*(.data*) /* .data* sections */
. = ALIGN(4);
_edata = .; /* define a global symbol at data end */
} >RAM AT> FLASH_ZW
/* Uninitialized data section */
. = ALIGN(4);
.bss :
{
/* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss secion */
_sbss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss start */
__bss_start__ = _sbss;
*(.bss)
*(.bss*)
*(COMMON)
. = ALIGN(4);
_ebss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss end */
__bss_end__ = _ebss;
} >RAM
/* User_heap_stack section, used to check that there is enough RAM left */
._user_heap_stack :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
PROVIDE ( end = . );
PROVIDE ( _end = . );
. = . + _Min_Heap_Size;
. = . + _Min_Stack_Size;
. = ALIGN(4);
} >RAM
/* Remove information from the standard libraries */
/DISCARD/ :
{
libc.a ( * )
libm.a ( * )
libgcc.a ( * )
}
.ARM.attributes 0 : { *(.ARM.attributes) }
}