本帖最后由 l_xy 于 2020-10-18 17:25 编辑
转载:https://my.oschina.net/u/4664563/blog/4670886
本文会从Java本机访问入手,靴子再使用Retrofit访问网络,可以满足绝大部分开发者对于鸿蒙网络访问方面的代码需求,开始之前需要先做一下基础配置。 鸿蒙系统网络访问基础配置1,跟Android类似,要访问网络,我们首先要配置网络访问权限,在config.json的“模块”例程最后,添加上网络权限代码
- tical-align: inherit;"> “ reqPermissions”:[ font> font>
- <字体样式=”垂直对齐:继承; “> { FONT> FONT>
- <字体样式=”垂直对齐:继承; “> <字体样式=”垂直对齐:继承;“> “ reason”:“”, font> font>
- “ name”:“ ohos.permission。互联网” font> font>
- } font> font>
- <字体样式=“ vertical-align:Inherit;”> ] font> font>
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2,配置网络明文访问白名单
- "deviceConfig": {
- "default": {
- "network": {
- "usesCleartext": true,
- "securityConfig": {
- "domainSettings": {
- "cleartextPermitted": true,
- "domains": [
- {
- "subDomains": true,
- "name": "www.baidu.com"
- }
- ]
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
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其中的name即为可以直接http访问的域名,如果全是https链接则可以做该不配置,切记域名是不带http://的,切记域名是不带http://的,切记域名是不带http://的,重要的事说三遍。
Java原生访问网络由于鸿蒙系统支持Java开发,所以我们可以直接使用Java原生的Api来进行网络访问 该方式使用了java的url.openConnection() Api来获取网络数据
HttpDemo.java
- package com.example.demo.classone;
-
- import javax.net.ssl.*;
- import java.io.BufferedReader;
- import java.io.InputStreamReader;
- import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
- import java.net.URL;
- import java.security.SecureRandom;
-
- public class HttpDemo {
- /**
- *访问url,获取内容
- * [url=home.php?mod=space&uid=3142012]@param[/url] urlStr
- * @return
- */
- public static String httpGet(String urlStr){
- StringBuilder *** = new StringBuilder();
- try{
- //添加https信任
- SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");//第一个参数为协议,第二个参数为提供者(可以缺省)
- TrustManager[] tm = {new HttpX509TrustManager()};
- sslcontext.init(null, tm, new SecureRandom());
- HostnameVerifier ignoreHostnameVerifier = new HostnameVerifier() {
- public boolean verify(String s, SSLSession sslsession) {
- System.out.println("WARNING: Hostname is not matched for cert.");
- return true;
- }
- };
- HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(ignoreHostnameVerifier);
- HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory(sslcontext.getSocketFactory());
- URL url = new URL(urlStr);
- HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
- connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
- connection.setReadTimeout(10000);
- connection.setConnectTimeout(10000);
- connection.connect();
- int code = connection.getResponseCode();
- if (code == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
- BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
- String temp;
- while ((temp = reader.readLine()) != null) {
- ***.append(temp);
- }
- reader.close();
- }
- connection.disconnect();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- return e.getMessage();
- }
- return ***.toString();
- }
- }
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HttpX509TrustManager.java
- package com.example.demo.classone;
- import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
- import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
- import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
-
- public class HttpX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
- @Override
- public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
- }
-
- @Override
- public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
- }
-
- @Override
- public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
- return null;
- }
- }
- 最后是测试是否能够正确访问的代码,注意网络访问是耗时操作要放线程里面执行
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- String result = HttpDemo.httpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
- HiLog.warn(new HiLogLabel(HiLog.LOG_APP, 0, "===demo==="), "网页返回结果:"+result);
- }
- }).start();
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采用Retrofit访问网络在模块的build.gradle里添加Retrofit库的引用,我这边采用的是retrofit2的2.5.0版本做示例
- implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.5.0'
- implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.5.0'
- implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava3:rxjava:3.0.4'
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新建ApiManager类用来管理获取OkHttpClient,SSLSocketClient用来提供https支持,ApiResponseConverterFactory是Retrofit的转换器,将请求结果转成String输出 ApiManager.java
- package com.example.demo.classone;
-
- import com.example.demo.DemoAbilityPackage;
- import ohos.app.Environment;
- import okhttp3.*;
- import retrofit2.Retrofit;
-
- import java.io.File;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-
- /**
- * 提供获取Retrofit对象的方法
- */
- public class ApiManager {
- private static final String BUSINESS_BASE_HTTP_URL = "http://www.baidu.com";
-
- private static Retrofit instance;
- private static OkHttpClient mOkHttpClient;
-
- private ApiManager(){}
-
- public static Retrofit get(){
- if (instance == null){
- synchronized (ApiManager.class){
- if (instance == null){
- setClient();
- instance = new Retrofit.Builder().baseUrl(BUSINESS_BASE_HTTP_URL).
- addConverterFactory(ApiResponseConverterFactory.create()).client(mOkHttpClient).build();
- }
- }
- }
- return instance;
- }
-
- private static void setClient(){
- if (mOkHttpClient != null){
- return;
- }
- Cache cache = new Cache(new File(getRootPath(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOCUMENTS),"HttpCache"),1024*1024*100);
- OkHttpClient.Builder builder = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
- // .followRedirects(false)//关闭重定向
- // .addInterceptor(new AppendUrlParamIntercepter())
- .cache(cache)
- .retryOnConnectionFailure(false)
- .sslSocketFactory(SSLSocketClient.getSSLSocketFactory())
- .hostnameVerifier(SSLSocketClient.getHostnameVerifier())
- .readTimeout(8,TimeUnit.SECONDS)
- .writeTimeout(8,TimeUnit.SECONDS)
- .connectTimeout(8, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
- // .protocols(Collections.singletonList(Protocol.HTTP_1_1));
- mOkHttpClient = builder.build();
- mOkHttpClient.dispatcher().setMaxRequests(100);
- }
-
- private static String getRootPath(String dirs) {
- String path = DemoAbilityPackage.getInstance().getCacheDir() + "/" + dirs;
- File file = new File(path);
- if (!file.exists()) {
- file.mkdirs();
- }
- return path;
- }
- }
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SSLSocketClient.java
- package com.example.demo.classone;
- import javax.net.ssl.*;
- import java.security.SecureRandom;
- import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
-
- public class SSLSocketClient {
-
- //获取这个SSLSocketFactory
- public static SSLSocketFactory getSSLSocketFactory() {
- try {
- SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
- sslContext.init(null, getTrustManager(), new SecureRandom());
- return sslContext.getSocketFactory();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- }
- }
-
- //获取TrustManager
- private static TrustManager[] getTrustManager() {
- TrustManager[] trustAllCerts = new TrustManager[]{
- new X509TrustManager() {
- @Override
- public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) {
- }
-
- @Override
- public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) {
- }
-
- @Override
- public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
- return new X509Certificate[]{};
- }
- }
- };
- return trustAllCerts;
- }
-
-
- //获取HostnameVerifier
- public static HostnameVerifier getHostnameVerifier() {
- HostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier = new HostnameVerifier() {
- @Override
- public boolean verify(String s, SSLSession sslSession) {
- return true;
- }
- };
- return hostnameVerifier;
- }
- }
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ApiResponseConverterFactory.java
- package com.example.demo.classone;
-
- import okhttp3.RequestBody;
- import okhttp3.ResponseBody;
- import retrofit2.Converter;
- import retrofit2.Retrofit;
-
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
- import java.lang.reflect.Type;
-
- /**
- * BaseResponse的转换器
- */
- public class ApiResponseConverterFactory extends Converter.Factory {
-
- public static Converter.Factory create(){
- return new ApiResponseConverterFactory();
- }
-
- @Override
- public Converter responseBodyConverter(Type type, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
- return new StringResponseBodyConverter();
- }
-
- @Override
- public Converter, RequestBody> requestBodyConverter(Type type, Annotation[] parameterAnnotations, Annotation[] methodAnnotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
- return null;
- }
-
- class StringResponseBodyConverter implements Converter {
- @Override
- public String convert(ResponseBody value) throws IOException {
- String s = value.string();
- return s;
- }
- }
- }
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开始使用Retrofit书写业务逻辑
BusinessApiManager.java
- package com.example.demo.classone;
-
- /**
- * 服务端访问接口管理
- */
- public class BusinessApiManager {
-
- private static BusinessApiService instance;
- public static BusinessApiService get(){
- if (instance == null){
- synchronized (BusinessApiManager.class){
- if (instance == null){
- instance = ApiManager.get().create(BusinessApiService.class);
- }
- }
- }
- return instance;
- }
- }
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BusinessApiService.java
- package com.example.demo.classone;
-
- import retrofit2.Call;
- import retrofit2.http.*;
-
- /**
- * 服务端访问接口
- */
- public interface BusinessApiService {
- /**
- * 获取网页信息
- * @param url
- * @return
- */
- @GET()
- Call getHtmlContent([url=home.php?mod=space&uid=1219531]@URL[/url] String url);
- }
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测试Retrofit是否能够正常使用
- BusinessApiManager.get().getHtmlContent("https://www.baidu.com").enqueue(new Callback() {
- @Override
- public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) {
- if (!response.isSuccessful() || response.body() == null){
- onFailure(null,null);
- return;
- }
- String result = response.body();
- HiLog.warn(new HiLogLabel(HiLog.LOG_APP, 0, "===demo==="), "网页返回结果:"+result);
- }
-
- @Override
- public void onFailure(Call call, Throwable throwable) {
- HiLog.warn(new HiLogLabel(HiLog.LOG_APP, 0, "===demo==="), "网页访问异常");
- }
- });
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总结鸿蒙是基于Java开发的,所有Java本机API可以直接在鸿蒙系统上使用的,另外只要和java相关的库都是可以直接引用的,例如在引用retrofit的时候也带入了RxJava。的使用方式,可以参考retrofit在android系统中的实现,鸿蒙系统基本兼容。
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