本帖最后由 1497368989 于 2019-12-14 22:55 编辑
这大概已经是第三次做12864的仿真了,每次做的时候,都忘了以前怎么做的,每次都要去找。这次索性写道帖子里免得每次总是找不到。第一次发帖,各位大佬多多包涵。
我想对于很多初学的童鞋,对过多的理论并不想考究,而且网上资料也很多,本帖只列出需要特别注意的地方。(并行通信)
1、KS0108实际上相当于一个存储器,跟12864结合到一起,存储器中的01数据能够显示在LCD上而已,因此12864的显示实际上就是往KS0108对应的存储区写上需要显示的数据。
2、KS0108,单片机或控制器可以对它做什么。首先可以向它写数据,其次可以从中读取数据;那它怎么知道单片机是要读数据还是写数据呢,取决于RW引脚,RW为1,表示单片机从KS0108中读数据,RW为0,表示单片机向KS0108写数据。
3、读写的数据分别时什么东西。数据的类型分为两种:命令数据(指令码),显示数据。KS0108如何知道单片机传送或请求的是命令还是显示数据呢,取决于RS(DI)引脚。当该引脚为1时,传送的数据是显示的数据,当该引脚为0时,传送的是命令数据(指令码)。
4、数据什么时候给。KS0108怎么知道什么时候该传送数据或获取数据呢,通过引脚E实现,E每产生一个脉冲,(脉冲维持时间大于1us),就会触发一次读数据或写数据,至于是读还是写,传输的又是什么样的数据,由RW和RS(DI)引脚状态决定。
5、常用的指令码及含义:
(1)读取状态字:(RS=0,RW=1)->E引脚给脉冲->数据总线读数据。读到的数据D7表示忙状态,如果为1,系统忙,否则已准备好。
(2)显示开关:(RS=0;RW=0)->数据总线(0011111X)->E 引脚给脉冲。其中X为1,刷新屏幕,X为0,清空屏幕(但不会清除寄存器)
(3)起始行地址:(RS=0;RW=0)->数据总线(11XXXXXX)->E 引脚给脉冲。其中,XXXXXX为LCD屏幕第一行与显示寄存器的映射关系。说了就是,LCD显示第一行从显示寄存器那一行的数据开始(注意这里的行意思是,像素点的行)
(4)LCD的分页与控制。分页这个网上说的有点模糊。从下边这个图:
-_-||之前没玩过,不知道图片怎么传。。。。(传的是自己画的高清图,不知道怎么传上去就一点点了。。。。)
[url=][img=1,0][/img][/url]
LCD128*64的分辨率,其中的64行被分成8页,每8个像素条是一页,地址分别是0xb8-0xbf,什么不从0开始呢,因为这个命令的格式占据了前边5位,只留了最后三位用作8页的区分,因此只能从0xb8-0xbf。(这个可能有的童鞋会有疑问,为什么要分页?因为汉字、字符等取模过程是按列取模,每次每列取8个点,所以行会分页。如何取模请看第(5)条)列不分页,但是列地址也只有区区64个,地址范围是0x40到0x7F,为什么不从0开始呢,同样是因为命令码占据了两个位,只有6位译码64列。那12864LCD一共有128列像素点,但是只有64个地址范围怎么办,还有一个关键引脚-CS。CS有两个引脚,在proteus中CS2控制左半屏,CS1控制右半屏,哪个引脚为高电平,它所控制的区域显示显示寄存器的内容,如果同时选中两个CS,则在左右两半屏幕会显示相同的内容。到这里,显示的原理基本描述完。控制显示的过程分别是:发送行地址命令->发送列地址命令->传送该列的数据->发送行地址命令......直到发送完成。
(5)取模怎么取的。以英文字母A为例,它的取模编码是0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x38,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3C,0x23,0x02,0x02,0x27,0x38,0x20,这串数据怎么来的?
请看下图:
[url=][img=1,0][/img][/url]
先把字符分成上一半和下一半,每一半从左到右自下向上取模,黑色为1,白色为0.每一列像素点为8位(及页),共有8列(及列)。看懂了就不难理解分页为什么要8个像素点行为一页了。而英文字符的每个字符共8列,中文字符每个字符共16列,也就是说,一般来说,英文的字符分辨率为16*8,中文为16*16。显示其实就是把取模的过程重现的过程。(PS:取模可用专门的取模软件进行取模)
(6)显示。先确定号自己要显示在左半屏还是右半屏。然后选中待显示区的坐标地址(及页地址和列地址),然后一列一列把页取模编码传送过去,这个过程页不会自增,但是列会自增。注意换行哈。
最后附上代码和proteus仿真结果。难免有纰漏,看官多多包涵!
[url=][img=1,0][/img][/url]
- /*??Sir??????*/
- #include
- #define uint unsigned int
- #define uchar unsigned char
- #define InData 1
- #define InCommand 0
- ***it CS1=P2^0;
- ***it CS2=P2^4;
- ***it RS=P2^1;
- ***it RW=P2^2;
- ***it E1=P2^3;
- ***it LED1=P3^0;
- uchar code HanZi[]={
- 0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00, /*-- ????: 0 --????0*/
- 0x00,0x00,0x10,0x10,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00, /*-- ????: 1 --????16*/
- /*-- ????: 2 --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=8x16 --*/
- 0x00,0x70,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x28,0x24,0x22,0x21,0x30,0x00,/*-- ????: 2 --????32*/
- /*-- ????: 3 --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=8x16 --*/
- 0x00,0x30,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x20,0x21,0x21,0x22,0x1C,0x00,/*-- ????: 3 --????48*/
- /*-- ????: 4 --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=8x16 --*/
- 0x00,0x00,0x80,0x40,0x30,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x06,0x05,0x24,0x24,0x3F,0x24,0x24,/*-- ????: 4 --????64*/
- /*-- ????: 5 --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=8x16 --*/
- 0x00,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x19,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,/*-- ????: 5 --????80*/
- /*-- ????: 6 --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=8x16 --*/
- 0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x88,0x88,0x90,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1F,0x00,/*-- ????: 6 --????96*/
- /*-- ????: 7 --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=8x16 --*/
- 0x00,0x18,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x68,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3E,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*-- ????: 7 --????112*/
- /*-- ????: 8 --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=8x16 --*/
- 0x00,0x70,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x1C,0x22,0x21,0x21,0x22,0x1C,0x00,/*-- ????: 8 --????128*/
- /*-- ????: 9 --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=8x16 --*/
- 0x00,0xF0,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x12,0x22,0x22,0x11,0x0F,0x00,/*-- ????: 9 --????144*/
- /*-- ????: ?? --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=16x16 --*/
- 0x00,0x00,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*-- ????: ?? --????160*/
- /*-- ????: . --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=8x16 --*/
- 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*-- ????: . --????176*/
- /*-- ????: ?? --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=16x16 --*/
- 0x06,0x09,0x09,0xE6,0xF8,0x0C,0x04,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x1E,0x00,0x00,/*-- ????: ?? --????192*/
- 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x1F,0x30,0x20,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x20,0x10,0x00,0x00,
- /*-- ????: ?? --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=16x16 --*/
- 0x10,0x60,0x02,0x8C,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x92,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*-- ????: ?? --????224*/
- 0x04,0x04,0x7E,0x01,0x40,0x7E,0x42,0x42,0x7E,0x42,0x7E,0x42,0x42,0x7E,0x40,0x00,
- /*-- ????: ?? --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=16x16 --*/
- 0x00,0x00,0xFC,0x24,0x24,0x24,0xFC,0x25,0x26,0x24,0xFC,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x04,0x00,/*-- ????: ?? --????256*/
- 0x40,0x30,0x8F,0x80,0x84,0x4C,0x55,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x55,0x4C,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,
- /*-- ????: ?? --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=16x16 --*/
- 0x40,0x40,0x42,0xCC,0x00,0x40,0xA0,0x9E,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x9E,0xA0,0x20,0x20,0x00,/*-- ????: ?? --????192*/
- 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x90,0x88,0x40,0x43,0x2C,0x10,0x28,0x46,0x41,0x80,0x80,0x00,
- /*-- ????: ?? --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=16x16 --*/
- 0x10,0x0C,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x45,0xC6,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x14,0x0C,0x00,/*-- ????: ?? --????192*/
- 0x80,0x40,0x20,0x1E,0x20,0x40,0x40,0x7F,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x40,0x40,0x00,
- /*-- ????: ?? --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=16x16 --*/
- 0x10,0x10,0x10,0xFF,0x10,0x90,0x00,0xFE,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x92,0xA2,0x9E,0x00,0x00,/*-- ????: ?? --????192*/
- 0x04,0x44,0x82,0x7F,0x01,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x80,0x43,0x2C,0x10,0x2C,0x43,0x80,0x00,
- /*-- ????: ?? --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=16x16 --*/
- 0x12,0xEA,0xAF,0xAA,0xEA,0x0F,0xFA,0x02,0x88,0x8C,0x57,0x24,0x54,0x8C,0x84,0x00,/*-- ????: ?? --????192*/
- 0x02,0x02,0xEA,0xAA,0xAA,0xAB,0xAA,0xAB,0xAA,0xAA,0xAA,0xAA,0xEA,0x02,0x02,0x00,
- /*-- ????: ?? --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=16x16 --*/
- 0x40,0x42,0xCC,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x9E,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x9E,0x80,0x00,0x00,/*-- ????: ?? --????192*/
- 0x00,0x00,0x7F,0x20,0x94,0x84,0x44,0x24,0x14,0x0F,0x14,0x24,0x44,0x84,0x84,0x00,
- /*-- ????: ?? --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=16x16 --*/
- 0x00,0x04,0x24,0x24,0x25,0x26,0xE4,0x3C,0x24,0x26,0x25,0x24,0x24,0x04,0x00,0x00,/*-- ????: ?? --????192*/
- 0x41,0x21,0x11,0x89,0x85,0x8B,0x89,0x89,0xF9,0x89,0x89,0x89,0x89,0x81,0x01,0x00,
- /*-- ????: ?? --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=16x16 --*/
- 0x88,0x68,0x1F,0xC8,0x08,0x10,0xC8,0x54,0x52,0xD1,0x12,0x94,0x08,0xD0,0x10,0x00,/*-- ????: ?? --????192*/
- 0x09,0x19,0x09,0xFF,0x05,0x00,0xFF,0x12,0x92,0xFF,0x00,0x5F,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,
- /*-- ????: ?? --*/
- /*-- ????12; ????????????????????x??=16x16 --*/
- 0x00,0x00,0x7C,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0xFF,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0xFC,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*-- ????: ?? --????192*/
- 0x00,0x7C,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x7F,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0xFC,0x00,0x00,
- };
- void delay( uint xms)//??????1024
- {
- uint i,j;
- for(i=0;i<2;i++)
- for(j=xms;j>0;j--);
- }
- /*??????????1????????0*/
- uchar LCD_BusyCheck()
- {
- uchar BusyData;
- RS=0;//???????
- RW=1;//??LCD??????
- E1=0;
- delay(0);
- E1=1;
- delay(0);
- BusyData=P0;//??????
- E1=0;
- BusyData&=0x80;//???????λ??
- if(BusyData!=0)
- return 1;//???????
- else
- return 0;
- }
- /*д????????Data???????*/
- void LCD_Write_Command(uchar Data)
- {
- while(LCD_BusyCheck());//??????
- RS=0; //???????
- RW=0; //д????
- P0=Data;//д????????
- delay(0);
- E1=1;//????????????????
- delay(0);
- E1=0;
- }
- /*д?????????Data?????*/
- void LCD_Write_Data(uchar Data)
- {
- while (LCD_BusyCheck());//??????
- RS=1;//???????
- RW=0;//д????
- P0=Data;//д????????
- delay(0);
- E1=1;
- delay(0);
- E1=0;
- }
- /*?????LCD*/
- void LCD_Init()
- {
- CS1=1;
- CS2=1;
- LCD_Write_Command(0x3D);//?????
- LCD_Write_Command(0x3F);//?????
- }
- /*?????????????????*/
- void LCD_Disp_4byteData(uchar Page,uchar Lie,uchar *pData)
- {
- uchar i,j;
- if(Lie>63)
- {CS1=1;
- CS2=0;
- Lie=Lie%64;
- }
- else
- {
- CS1=0;
- CS2=1;
- }
- for(j=0;j<2;j++) //?????? ??????????????????????????????????????°???
- {
- LCD_Write_Command(0xb8+Page+j); //????????
- LCD_Write_Command(0x40+Lie); //?????е??
- for(i=0;i<16;i++) //????16?У????а???????????????
- LCD_Write_Data(*(pData+16*j+i));//д????
- }
- }
- /*???????????????????*/
- void LCD_Disp_byteData(uchar Page,uchar Lie,uchar *pData)
- {
- uchar i,j;
- if(Lie>63)
- {CS1=1;
- CS2=0;
- Lie=Lie%64;
- }
- else
- {
- CS1=0;
- CS2=1;
- }
- for(j=0;j<2;j++) //????????????
- {
- LCD_Write_Command(0xb8+Page+j);
- LCD_Write_Command(0x40+Lie);
- for(i=0;i<8;i++) //??????8??
- LCD_Write_Data(*(pData+8*j+i));
- }
- }
- void main()
- {
-
- LCD_Init();
- LCD_Write_Command(0xcF);//???????????λ
- while(1)
- {
- LCD_Disp_byteData(0,0,&(HanZi[0])); //????????λ???????????
- LCD_Disp_byteData(0,8,&(HanZi[16]));
- LCD_Disp_byteData(0,16,&(HanZi[32]));
- LCD_Disp_byteData(0,24,&(HanZi[48]));
- LCD_Disp_byteData(0,32,&(HanZi[64]));
- LCD_Disp_byteData(0,40,&(HanZi[80]));
- LCD_Disp_byteData(0,48,&(HanZi[96]));
- LCD_Disp_byteData(0,56,&(HanZi[112]));
- LCD_Disp_byteData(0,64,&(HanZi[128]));
- LCD_Disp_4byteData(2,0,&(HanZi[224]));
- LCD_Disp_4byteData(2,16,&(HanZi[256]));
- LCD_Disp_byteData(2,32,&(HanZi[160]));
- LCD_Disp_byteData(2,40,&(HanZi[144]));
- LCD_Disp_byteData(2,48,&(HanZi[176]));
- LCD_Disp_byteData(2,56,&(HanZi[128]));
- LCD_Disp_4byteData(2,64,&(HanZi[192]));
- delay(1000);
- LED1=~LED1;
- };
- }
复制代码
|