近年来，在商业对企业（B2B）和机器对机器（M2M）应用中，使用超越传统手机的蜂窝设备已经爆炸式增长。
这些应用程序通常称为物联网（IoT）。
我们对越来越多数据的渴望推动了蜂窝技术从2G发展到3G以及现在的4G，5G正在确定。
3G的数据/ BIT速率高达2 Mbps，4G LTE的速率高达20 Mbps，现在LTE Advanced的速率高达300 Mbps。
当5G出现时，与我们今天所知的相比，数据速率将会惊人。
但令人惊讶的是，蜂窝计划以及更小和更便宜的设备的数据速率更低。
如果蜂窝数据速率趋势从2G升级到3G，4G，然后是5G，为什么要开发用于降低和降低数据速率的蜂窝技术？
简单的答案是蜂窝成本，或者更具体地说是蜂窝数据计划的成本。
对于许多物联网应用，传输的数据量远远少于传统的蜂窝设备，如路由器和智能手机。
例如，智能工厂中的传感器节点网络可能每小时只唤醒一次，读取并传输它然后再回到睡眠状态。
数据量非常低。
使用与3G / 4G技术相关的现有数据计划的成本非常高。
它只是没有经济意义。
让我们来看看今天可用的物联网蜂窝设备。
首批出现的设备采用2G / 3G和4G技术以及现有的手机基础设施。
这些设备是大型成品盒装设备，如Digi International的WR44-L5G4-AE1-MD。
该路由器可用于为远程位置或公共汽车或火车等运输行业提供蜂窝服务。
如果在运输行业中使用，蜂窝服务可以为服务公司提供车辆数据，为外部显示器提供商业营销以及为乘客提供Wi-Fi服务。
这些设备可以提供高数据速率，并且与传统的蜂窝服务一样，计划的价格取决于所使用的数据量。
数据越多，计划就越昂贵。
现在，在物联网等低数据速率应用中使用这些设备成本过高。
现在，公司正在设计小型蜂窝模块，这些模块可以整合到专门用于物联网的成品设备中。
以下是一些较新的蜂窝技术：LTE CAT1，LTE-M和NB-IoT。
LTE CAT 1是专门为物联网设计的第一代蜂窝电话。
它的数据速率为5 Mbps，目前可从Digi，NimbeLink和Multi-Tech等多家公司获得产品。
LTE-M（CAT-M）具有1Mbps的最大数据速率。
Leverege的产品工程师Yitaek Hwang在一篇关于IoT For All的文章中表示，“Cat-M真正瞄准LPWAN应用，如智能计量，只需要少量的数据传输。”LTE CAT 1和LTE-M都是如此
致力于现有的LTE蜂窝基础设施，使实施变得简单。
NB-IoT数据速率甚至更低，为144 kbps。
基础设施并不像LTE那样发展，而是由各种通信公司开发。
利用这些较低的数据速率，将有专门为这些设备设计的蜂窝计划，并且用户成本将大大降低。
这将为每台设备节省大量成本。
Digi的XBC-V1-UT-001现已上市，采用4G LTE CAT Verizon蜂窝技术
让我们看一下现在即将推出的物联网蜂窝设备的几个例子。
Digi已将手机添加到XBee®平台。
对于某些人来说，XBee只是一个模块。
根据Digi的网站：“Digi XBee不仅仅是一个模块。
事实上，它是一个完整的无线模块生态系统。“XBees在21世纪初首次发布。
这些模块有各种协议，如ZigBee，802.15.4，802.11 bgn和现在的蜂窝。
Digi已经发布了一种蜂窝型号，并在2017年下半年推出了几款.XBC-V1-UT-001现已上市，采用4G LTE CAT Verizon Cellular技术。
这是一个非常强大的小型封装器件，非常适合需要大数据速率的应用。
AT＆amp; T版即将推出。
其他推出的XBees专为低数据速率应用而设计，这使它们成为物联网的理想选择。
这包括诸如LTE-M和NB-IoT的蜂窝技术;
对于LTE M，存在XBC-V2-UT-001，对于NB-IOT，存在XBC-N1-UT-001。
由于这些设备的数据速率要小得多，因此支持这些设备的数据计划要少得多。
这些占地面积小，成本低的设备将使物联网更加经济实惠，从而将物联网扩展到我们以前从未想象过的领域。
今天的物联网意味着更慢的数据速率和更小的模块，这将降低用户成本。
更慢，更小，更低意味着物联网将在我们今天和明天的物联网世界中变得更大，更好，更广泛。
以上来自于谷歌翻译
以下为原文
The use of cellular devices beyond traditional cellphones has exploded in recent years in Business to Business (B2B) and Machine to Machine (M2M) applications. These applications are more commonly known as the Internet of Things (IoT). Our thirst for more and more data has pushed the development of cellular technology from 2G to 3G and now 4G, with 5G being determined. 3G has Data/BIT rates as high as 2 Mbps, 4G LTE has rates up to 20 Mbps and now LTE Advanced is a staggering 300 Mbps. When 5G comes out, the data rates will be amazing compared to what we know today. Surprisingly though, there is a movement for lower data rates for cellular plans as well as smaller and cheaper devices.
If the cellular data rate trend is going from 2G to 3G, 4G and then 5G, why develop cellular technology for lower and lower data rates? The simple answer is cost of cellular, or more specifically the cost for a cellular data plan. For many IoT applications, the amount of data transmitted is substantially less than traditional cellular devices such as routers and smartphones. For example, a sensor node network in a Smart Factory may only wake up once an hour, take a reading and transmit it and then go back to sleep. The amount of data is very low. The cost of using existing data plans associated with 3G/4G technology comes at a prohibitive cost. It just does not make financial sense.
Let’s look at IoT cellular devices that are available today. The first devices that came out used 2G/3G and 4G technologies and existing cellphone infrastructure. These devices are large finished boxed units such as Digi International’s WR44-L5G4-AE1-MD. This router could be used to provide cellular service for a remote location or for the transportation industry like a bus or train. If used in the transportation industry, the cellular service could provide vehicle data for the service company, commercial marketing for the external displays and Wi-Fi service for the passengers. These devices can provide high data rates and, like traditional cellular services, plans are priced by the amount of data used. The more data, the more expensive the plan. Now using these devices in a lower data rate application like IoT is cost prohibitive.
Now companies are designing small cellular modules that can be incorporated into a finished device specifically for IoT. Here are few of the newer cellular technologies being used: LTE CAT1, LTE-M and NB-IoT.
LTE CAT 1 is the first generation of cellular specifically designed for IoT. It has data rates of 5 Mbps with products available today from a variety of companies such as Digi, NimbeLink and Multi-Tech.
LTE-M (CAT-M) has a maximum data rate of 1 Mbps. Yitaek Hwang, a product engineer at Leverege, said in an article for IoT For All that, “Cat-M is really targeting LPWAN applications like smart metering where only small amount of data transfer is required.” Both LTE CAT 1 and LTE-M work on existing LTE cellular infrastructure which makes implementation easy.
NB-IoT data rates are even lower at 144 kbps. The infrastructure is not nearly developed as LTE, but it is being developed by a variety of communication companies.
With these lower data rates, there will be cellular plans that are specifically designed for these devices, and the user cost will be substantially lower. This will result in huge cost savings per device.
![]() Digi's XBC-V1-UT-001 is Available Today and Uses 4G LTE CAT Verizon Cellular Technology
Let’s look at a few examples of Cellular devices for IoT available now and coming soon. Digi has added cellular to the XBee® platform. For some people the XBee is just a module. According to Digi’s website: “Digi XBee is more than a module. In fact it’s a complete ecosystem of wireless modules.” XBees were first released in the early 2000s. These modules come in a variety of protocols such as ZigBee, 802.15.4, 802.11 bgn, and now cellular.
Digi has released one cellular model and has several more coming in the second half of 2017. The XBC-V1-UT-001 is available today and uses 4G LTE CAT Verizon Cellular technology. This is a very powerful device in a small package and is great for applications that need large data rates. An AT &T version is coming out soon. Other XBees coming out are designed for low data rate applications, which makes them ideal for IoT. This includes cellular technologies such as LTE-M and NB-IoT; for LTE M there is the XBC-V2-UT-001, and for NB-IOT there is the XBC-N1-UT-001. Since the data rates on these units are much smaller, the data plans to support these devices will be much less. These small footprint, small cost devices will make IoT more affordable which in turn will expand IoT into areas that we have never imaged before.
The IoT of today means slower data rates and smaller modules which will lower user cost. Slower, smaller and lower means that the IoT will become bigger, better and more widespread in our IoT world of today and tomorrow.
|
电子发烧友论坛
0
/6 
工商网监
湘ICP备2023018690号
2690
淘帖
