JAVA语言的运算符的优先级

<p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体"><font face="Verdana"><strong>JAVA语言的运算符的优先级</strong></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">表达式的运算次序取决于表达式中各种运算符的优先级。优先级高的先运算，优先级低的后运算，另外还可用括号</span>“<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">()</span>”<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">改变表达式的运算次序。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt">Jave <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">语言规定的运算符优先级如表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">3-3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">所示，表中排在上面的运算符有较高的优先级，同一行中的运算符的优先级相同。如果在表达式中有括号（表达式中只使用圆括号），又有函数，则优先计算括号中的内容，其次再进行函数运算。</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 63.25pt"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 表</span>3-3&nbsp; Jave<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">语言的运算符优先级</span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">按照表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">3</span>-3<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中的规定，下列表达式有惟一的求值次序：</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">）</span><span lang="EN-US">a + b*c</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">）</span><span lang="EN-US">a=b||c</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">）</span><span lang="EN-US">a + b &lt; c&amp;&amp;d==e</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">）</span><span lang="EN-US">a=8-2*3&lt;4&amp;&amp;5&lt;2</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">表达式（</span>1<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">）中，运算符“</span>*<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”比“</span>+<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”的优先级高，所以先求</span>b*c<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的值之后再与</span>a<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的值相加。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">表达成（</span>2<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">）中，逻辑运算符“</span>||<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”比赋值运算符优先级高，所以先对</span>b||c<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">求值，然后将结果赋给变量</span>a<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">表达式（</span>3<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">）中，四个运算符中“</span>+<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”优先级最高、“</span>&lt;<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">次之，“</span>&amp;&amp;<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”最低，所以求值次序是先求出式子</span>a + b<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的值，然后将这个值与</span>c<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的值作“</span>&lt;<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”比较，然后求</span>d==e<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的值，最后做“</span>&amp;&amp;<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”运算。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">表达式（</span>4<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">）中，先求出</span>2*3<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的值为</span>6<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，然后求出</span>8-6<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的值为</span>2<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，再求出</span>2&lt;4<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的值为</span>true<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，</span>5&lt;2<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的值为</span>false<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，然后再求出</span>true &amp;&amp; false<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的值为</span>false<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，最后将</span>false<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">赋值给变量</span>a<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在</span>Java<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">语言中要记住这么多运算符的优先级是比较困难的，而且上述表达式的写法比较难以理解并容易产生错误。因此在写程序时应该养成一种良好的习惯：除非是简单的直观运算，应该尽量使用括号。上述表达式（</span>1<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">）是可取的，表达式（</span>2<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">）、（</span>3<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">）和（</span>4<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">）应分别改写为</span>a=(b||c)<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span>((a+b) &lt;c)&amp;&amp;(d==e)<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</span>a=( ((8-2*3) &lt;4)&amp;&amp;(5&lt;2))<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">另外，要尽量不写太长的表达式，过长的表达式容易引起对求值次序的误解。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">例如：</span><span lang="EN-US">2*Math.sqrt</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</span><span lang="EN-US">Math.pow(3,2)*25)+4</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 52.5pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">↑<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>↑<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>↑ &nbsp;&nbsp;↑<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;</span>↑ ↑</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 53.25pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">⑤<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>④<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>③<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>①<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>② ⑥</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">运算的优先顺序如小圆圈的数字所示，这个表达式的运算结果是</span>34.0<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对于表达式再作以下几点说明：</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（</span>1<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">）数学上的表达式</span>a<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">≥</span>b<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">≥</span>c<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">及</span>-5<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">≤</span>x<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">≤</span>5<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，用</span>JAVA<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">语言表示，必须分别写成(</span>a<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Courier="Courier"  New">&gt;</span>=b) <span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">&amp;&amp; </span>(b&gt;=c)<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">及</span>(-5<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Courier="Courier"  New">&lt;</span>=x) &amp;&amp; (x<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Courier="Courier"  New">&lt;=5)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（</span>2<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">）逻辑运算</span>a <span lang="EN-US">|</span>| b<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">是好的表示形式。但若写成</span>a|<span lang="EN-US">|</span>b<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">则是不好的写法，在操作数与运算符之间至少留一空格可以使程序更加清晰。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（</span>3<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">）有时为了表达清楚，可以引进多余的括号，如：</span>x<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Courier="Courier"  New">&gt;=5 </span>||<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Courier="Courier"  New"> </span>y <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Courier="Courier"  New">&lt;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">0是正确的表示形式，但引进括号后(</span>x<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Courier="Courier"  New">&gt;=5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">) </span>|| (y <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Courier="Courier"  New">&lt;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">0)，可以表达得更加清楚。</span></p>