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Digital video is being adopted in an increasingly proliferating array of applications ranging from video
telephony and videoconferencing to DVD and digital TV. The adoption of digital video in many applications has been fueled by the development of many video coding standards, which have emerged targeting different application areas. These standards provide the means needed to achieve interoperability between systems designed by different manufacturers for any given application, hence facilitating the growth of the video market. The International Telecommunications Union, Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is now one of two formal organizations that develop video coding standards - the other being International Standardization Organization/International Electrotechnical Commission, Joint Technical Committee 1. (ISO/IEC JTC1) The ITU-T video coding standards are called recommendations, and they are denoted with H.26x (e.g., H.261, H.262, H.263 and H.264). The ISO/IEC standards are denoted with MPEG-x (e.g., MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4). The ITU-T recommendations have been designed mostly for real-time video communication applications, such as video conferencing and video telephony. On the other hand, the MPEG standards have been designed mostly to address the needs of video storage (DVD), broadcast video (Cable, DSL, Satellite TV), and video streaming (e.g., video over the Internet, video over wireless) applications. For the most part, the two standardization committees have worked independently on the different standards. The only exception has been the H.262/MPEG-2 standard, which was developed jointly by the two committees. Recently, the ITU-T and the ISO/IEC JTC1 have agreed to join their efforts in the development of the emerging H.264 standard, which was initiated by the ITU-T committee. H.264 (a.k.a. MPEG-4 Part 10 or MPEG-4 AVC) is being adopted by the two committees because it represents a departure in terms of performance from all existing video coding standards. Figure 1 summarizes the evolution of the ITU-T recommendations and the ISO/IEC MPEG standards.
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