了解陶瓷电容器温度系数

查看陶瓷电容器时常见的问题是温度系数数字/字母是什么意思？
这些数字通常会分解到温度范围和电容在该特定范围内的变化。
您需要了解的第一件事就是您正在考虑的标准和课程。
这些由国际电工委员会（IEC）和电子工业联盟（EIA）分开
这是一个关于不同类和定义的图表：
IEC / EN 603841＆amp;
IEC / EN 60384-8 / 9/21/22
EIA RS-198
1类陶瓷电容器为谐振电路应用提供高稳定性和低损耗
I类陶瓷帽为谐振电路应用提供高稳定性和低损耗
2类陶瓷电容器具有高容积效率，适用于平滑，旁路，耦合和去耦应用
II类（或写入2级）陶瓷电容器具有高容积效率，电容变化低于-15％至+ 15％，温度范围高于-55°C至+ 125°C，用于平滑，旁路，
耦合和去耦应用
3类陶瓷电容器是阻挡层电容器，不再标准化
III类（或写入3级）陶瓷电容器的容积效率高于EIA II级，在10°C至55°C的较低温度范围内，电容的典型变化为-22％至+ 56％。
它们可以用EIA级2- Y5U / Y5V或Z5U / Z5V电容代替
IV类（或写入类4）陶瓷电容器是阻挡层电容器，不再标准化
通过理解类定义，您可以了解温度系数如何分解。
每个EIA-RS-198的1级
温度系数α10-6/ K字母代码
温度系数的乘数数字代码
容差温度系数字母代码
C：0.0
0：-1
G：±30
B：0.3
1：-10
H±60
L：0.8
2：-100
J：±120
答：0.9
3：-1000
K：±250
M：1.0
4：+1
L：±500
P：1.5
6：+10
M：±1000
R：2.2
7：+100
N：±2500
S：3.3
8：+1000
T：4.7
V：5.6
你：7.5
符合IEC / EN 60384-8 / 21和EIA-RS-198的1级
陶瓷名称
温度系数α10-6/ K.
α-Tolerance 10-6 / K.
子类
IEC / EN-字母代码
EIA字母代码
P100
100
±30
1B
AG
M7G
NP0
0
±30
1B
CG
C0G
N33
-33
±30
1B
HG
H2G
N75
-75
±30
1B
LG
L2G
N150
-150
±60
1B
PH
P2H
N220
-220
±60
1B
RH
R2H
N330
-330
±60
1B
SH
S2H
N470
-470
±60
1B
TH
T2H
N750
-750
±120
1B
UJ
U2J
N1000
-1000
±250
1F
QK
Q3K
N1500
-1500
±250
1F
VK
P3K
看一下这些图表，带有EIA代码“C0G”的“NP0”电容将具有0漂移，公差为±30 ppm / K，而代码为“P3K”的“N1500”将具有-1500 ppm /
K漂移，最大公差为±250 ppm /°C。
请注意，IEC和EIA电容器代码是工业电容器代码，与军用电容器代码不同。
每个EIA RS-198的2级
低温字母代码
高温数字代码
在温度范围内改变电容的字母代码
X = -55°C（-67°F）
4 = + 65°C（+ 149°F）
P =±10％
Y = -30°C（-22°F）
5 = + 85°C（+ 185°F）
R =±15％
Z = + 10°C（+ 50°F）
6 = + 105°C（+ 221°F）
S =±22％
7 = + 125°C（+ 257°F（华氏度））
T = + 22 / -33％
8 = + 150°C（+ 302°F）
U = + 22 / -56％
9 = + 200°C（+ 392°F）
V = + 22 / -82％
例如，Z5U电容器的工作温度范围为+ 10°C至+ 85°C，电容变化最多为+ 22％至-56％。
X7R电容器的工作温度范围为-55°C至+ 125°C，电容变化最大为±15％。
以下是一些常见的Class 2配置：
X8R（-55 / + 150，ΔC/ C0 =±15％），
X7R（-55 / + 125°C，ΔC/ C0 =±15％），
X6R（-55 / + 105°C，ΔC/ C0 =±15％），
X5R（-55 / + 85°C，ΔC/ C0 =±15％），
X7S（-55 / + 125，ΔC/ C0 =±22％），
Z5U（+ 10 / + 85°C，ΔC/ C0 = + 22 / -56％），
Y5V（-30 / + 85°C，ΔC/ C0 = + 22 / -82％），
符合IEC / EN 60384-9 / 22的2级
电容变化代码
U = 0时的最大电容变化ΔC/ C0
U = UN时的最大电容变化ΔC/ C0
温度范围代码
温度范围
2B
±10％
+ 10 / -15％
1
-55 ... + 125°C
2C
±20％
+ 20 / -30％
2
-55 ... + 85°C
2D
+ 20 / -30％
+ 20 / -40％
3
-40 ... + 85°C
2E
+ 22 / -56％
+ 22 / -70％
4
-25 ... + 85°C
2F
+ 30 / -80％
+ 30 / -90％
五
（-10 ... +70）°C
2R
±15％
-
6
+10 ... + 85°C
2X
±15％
+ 15 / -25％
-
-
在某些情况下，可以将EIA代码转换为IEC / EN代码。
可能会发生轻微变化，但通常是可以容忍的。
X7R与2X1相关
Z5U与2E6相关
Y5V类似于2F4，像差：ΔC/ C0 = + 30 / -80％而不是+ 30 / -82％
X7S类似于2C1，像差：ΔC/ C0 =±20％而不是±22％
X8R没有IEC / EN代码可用



以下为原文

        A common question when looking at ceramic capacitors is what do the temperature coefficient numbers/letters mean? These numbers will generally break down to a temperature range and the variation in capacitance over that specific range. The first thing you need to understand with what standard  and class you are looking at. These are split between the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)
Here is a chart on the different classes and definitions:
[tr]IEC/EN 603841 &
IEC/EN 60384-8/9/21/22EIA RS-198[/tr]

Class 1 ceramic caps offer high stability and low losses for resonant circuit applications	Class I ceramic caps offer high stability and low losses for resonant circuit applications
Class 2 ceramic capacitors offer high volumetric efficiency for smoothing, by-pass, coupling and decoupling applications	Class II (or written class 2) ceramic capacitors offer high volumetric efficiency with change of capacitance lower than −15% to +15% and a temperature range greater than −55 °C to +125 °C, for smoothing, by-pass, coupling and decoupling applications
Class 3 ceramic capacitors are barrier layer capacitors which are not standardized anymore	Class III (or written class 3) ceramic capacitors offer higher volumetric efficiency than EIA class II and typical change of capacitance by −22% to +56% over a lower temperature range of 10 °C to 55 °C. They can be substituted with EIA class 2- Y5U/Y5V or Z5U/Z5V capacitors
	Class IV (or written class 4) ceramic capacitors are barrier layer capacitors which are not standardized anymore

With class definitions understood you can look how the temperature coefficients break down.
Class 1 per EIA-RS-198

[tr]Temperature coefficient α
10-6 /K Letter codeMultiplier of the temperature
coefficient Number codeTolerance of the temperature
coefficient Letter code[/tr]

C: 0.0	0: -1	G: ± 30
B: 0.3	1: -10	H ± 60
L: 0.8	2: −100	J: ±120
A: 0.9	3: −1000	K: ±250
M: 1.0	4: +1	L: ±500
P: 1.5	6: +10	M: ±1000
R: 2.2	7: +100	N: ±2500
S: 3.3	8: +1000
T: 4.7
V: 5.6
U: 7.5

Class 1 per IEC/EN 60384-8/21 and EIA-RS-198

[tr]Ceramic namesTemperature coefficient α 10-6 /Kα-Tolerance 10-6 /KSub-classIEC/ EN- letter codeEIA letter code[/tr]

P100	100	±30	1B	AG	M7G
NP0	0	±30	1B	CG	C0G
N33	−33	±30	1B	HG	H2G
N75	−75	±30	1B	LG	L2G
N150	−150	±60	1B	PH	P2H
N220	−220	±60	1B	RH	R2H
N330	−330	±60	1B	SH	S2H
N470	−470	±60	1B	TH	T2H
N750	−750	±120	1B	UJ	U2J
N1000	−1000	±250	1F	QK	Q3K
N1500	−1500	±250	1F	VK	P3K

Looking at these charts you see, an “NP0” capacitor with EIA code “C0G” will have 0 drift, with a tolerance of ±30 ppm/K, while an “N1500” with the code “P3K” will have −1500 ppm/K drift, with a maximum tolerance of ±250 ppm/°C.

Note that the IEC and EIA capacitor codes are industry capacitor codes and not the same as military capacitor codes.

Class 2 per EIA RS-198

[tr]Letter Code for Low TempNumber Code for High TempLetter code for change of capacitance
over the temp range[/tr]

X = −55 °C (−67 °F)	4 = +65 °C (+149 °F)	P = ±10%
Y = −30 °C (−22 °F)	5 = +85 °C (+185 °F)	R = ±15%
Z = +10 °C (+50 °F)	6 = +105 °C (+221 °F)	S = ±22%
	7 = +125 °C (+257 °F)	T = +22/−33%
	8 = +150 °C (+302 °F)	U = +22/−56%
	9 = +200 °C (+392 °F)	V = +22/−82%

For instance, a Z5U capacitor will operate from +10 °C to +85 °C with a capacitance change of at most +22% to −56%. An X7R capacitor will operate from −55 °C to +125 °C with a capacitance change of at most ±15%.
Here are some common Class 2 configurations:

• X8R (−55/+150, ΔC/C0 = ±15%),
• X7R (−55/+125 °C, ΔC/C0 = ±15%),
• X6R (−55/+105 °C, ΔC/C0 = ±15%),
• X5R (−55/+85 °C, ΔC/C0 = ±15%),
• X7S (−55/+125, ΔC/C0 = ±22%),
• Z5U (+10/+85 °C, ΔC/C0 = +22/−56%),
• Y5V (−30/+85 °C, ΔC/C0 = +22/−82%),
  

Class 2 per IEC/EN 60384-9/22

[tr]Code for capacitance changeMax capacitance change
ΔC/C0 at U = 0Max capacitance
change
ΔC/C0 at U = UNCode for temp rangeTemp Range[/tr]

2B	±10%	+10/−15%	1	−55 … +125 °C
2C	±20%	+20/−30%	2	−55 … +85 °C
2D	+20/−30%	+20/−40%	3	−40 … +85 °C
2E	+22/−56%	+22/−70%	4	−25 … +85 °C
2F	+30/−80%	+30/−90%	5	(-10 … +70) °C
2R	±15%	−	6	+10 … +85 °C
2X	±15%	+15/−25%	-	-

In some cases it is possible to translate the EIA code into the IEC/EN code. Slight variations can occur, but normally are tolerable.

• X7R correlates with 2X1
• Z5U correlates with 2E6
• Y5V similar to 2F4, aberration: ΔC/C0 = +30/−80% instead of +30/−82%
• X7S similar to 2C1, aberration: ΔC/C0 = ±20% instead of ±22%
• X8R no IEC/EN code available