概述
做电子产品，如果不支持固件升级，后期可能带来维护成本非常巨大，为了降低后期维护成本，引入固件升级功能是基本条件。网上这些资料一抓一大把，我这里直接说怎么使用，具体原理，大家伙自行网上查找资料科普，本篇文章基本都是基于这位大佬的无私分享，链接，在此本人分享一种，将APP的bin文件复制到U盘里，进行固件升级方式。比起ST官网介绍的DFU模式还要便捷，无需第三方上位机，无需安装任何驱动，方可对产品固件升级。
ST官网例程（AN4657-STM32Cube_IAP_using_UART）链接
同时，也可以在ST官网搜索栏中输入：“IAP”关键字搜索即可，如下所示。
有两种方法：
1）通过一个KEY触发是否跳转；
2）通过检测USB拔插状态，来识别，跳转app或者是bootloader模式，当USB拔出时，重新上电，检测到3s时，会出现跳转到app
固件升级需要分两部分：bootloader + app
由上图可知，STM32 内置的 Flash 被分成了两个部分，分别用来保存 Bootloader 和 Application 程序，这里有两个有两个 FLASH 起始地址 0x8000000 和 0x8008000:
为什么是 0x8000000 这个地址呢？而不是其他地址呢？这是由 M3 内核硬件上的设计就已经这么做了，人为设计好了，可以参考 M3 内核权威指南；
0x8008000 这个地址则是由我们自己来设置，这个地址的范围必须在 0x8000000 和 0x8020000 之间，所以一般根据 Bootloader 程序的最终大小，在这范围之间取一个比较合理的值即可。如下图所示；
注：本文使用的STM32F103CBT6，属于中等大小 Flash，128K = 0x20000，所以地址范围是 0x8000000~0x8020000；
bootloader启动流程，查阅STM32官网资料得知，如下
由上图可知：
在bootloader工程中的main.c文件做了跳转地址校验：
本文中 ApplicationAddress = 0x8000000；那么*(__IO uint32_t*)APP_ADDR)则是这个地址中所保存的值，由表格一可以知道，程序起始地址的第一个向量地址保存的栈顶的，因此，地址 0x800_0000 和 0x800_8000 中保存的值都是指向栈顶，如下图所示；
栈是在 RAM 上分配，因此 RAM 的有效范围要做一个检测，栈顶地址和 0x2FFE0000 做与运算可以推算出，要校验的 RAM 范围是 0x2000_0000—0x2001_FFFF，所以 RAM 大小是 128K，官方 DEMO 默认使用 HD 高密度系列，所以是 128K，本文是 CBT6，20K 的 RAM，则需要改成 0x2FFFB000：
计算方式：20K = 20*1024= 0x5000，0x2FFF_FFFF - (0x5000 - 1) = 0x2FFF_B000
硬件平台：STM32F103CBT6
编码平台IDE：keil V5.29
一、STM32CUBEMX配置
（注：只要看USB功能配置即可，LED只是方便观察，KEY是用于区分升级与不升级切换作用。）
以上关于STM32CubeMX配置介绍完毕，接下来介绍编码步骤。
二、编码
1）bootloader工程
把开源源码下载来，分别把fat32.c、fat32.h、btldr_config.h 文件添加到本工程即可。
在此，只需要关注：main.c、u***d_storage_if.c文件
/* USER CODE BEGIN INCLUDE */
#include "fat32.h"
/* USER CODE END INCLUDE */
.
.
.
.
/* USER CODE BEGIN PRIVATE_FUNCTIONS_DECLARATION */
static void _STORAGE_ReadBlocks(uint32_t *buf, uint64_t readAddr, uint32_t blockSize, uint32_t numOfBlocks)
{
uint32_t iBlock;
uint8_t* buf8 = (uint8_t*)buf;
for(iBlock=0; iBlock
{
fat32_read(buf8, (uint32_t)readAddr);
readAddr += blockSize;
buf8 += blockSize;
}
}
static void _STORAGE_WriteBlocks(uint32_t *buf, uint64_t writeAddr, uint32_t blockSize, uint32_t numOfBlocks)
{
uint32_t iBlock;
uint8_t* buf8 = (uint8_t*)buf;
for(iBlock=0; iBlock
{
fat32_write(buf8, (uint32_t)writeAddr);
writeAddr += blockSize;
buf8 += blockSize;
}
}
/* USER CODE END PRIVATE_FUNCTIONS_DECLARATION */
.
.
.
/**
* @brief .
* @param lun: .
* @retval USBD_OK if all operations are OK else USBD_FAIL
*/
int8_t STORAGE_Read_FS(uint8_t lun, uint8_t *buf, uint32_t blk_addr, uint16_t blk_len)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
_STORAGE_ReadBlocks((uint32_t *)buf, (uint64_t)(blk_addr * STORAGE_BLK_SIZ), STORAGE_BLK_SIZ, blk_len);
return (USBD_OK);
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
/**
* @brief .
* @param lun: .
* @retval USBD_OK if all operations are OK else USBD_FAIL
*/
int8_t STORAGE_Write_FS(uint8_t lun, uint8_t *buf, uint32_t blk_addr, uint16_t blk_len)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 7 */
_STORAGE_WriteBlocks((uint32_t *)buf, (uint64_t)(blk_addr * STORAGE_BLK_SIZ), STORAGE_BLK_SIZ, blk_len);
return (USBD_OK);
/* USER CODE END 7 */
}
这里补充一下，直接使用STM32CubeMx生成U盘模式，如果U盘里没有任何文件，接上PC端会提示，格式化该U盘，想解决这个问题，只需在U盘添加一下文件即可，按照上面代码所示，同时把代码的bin文件备份一份在U盘中。
烧录bootloader程序后，需要一条杜邦线把PA0拉低，然后再使用USB数据线连接最小系统板，才能在PC中看到识别U盘。
如下所示：
main.c文件
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
*
© Copyright (c) 2021 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software component is licensed by ST under Ultimate Liberty license
* SLA0044, the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
* www.st.com/SLA0044
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "u***_device.h"
#include "gpio.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
#include
#include
#include "btldr_config.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
extern USBD_HandleTypeDef hU***DeviceFS;
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
int fputc(int ch, FILE* FILE)
{
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t*)&ch, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
return ch;
}
bool is_appcode_exist()
{
uint32_t *mem = (uint32_t*)APP_ADDR;
if ((mem[0] == 0x00000000 || mem[0] == 0xFFFFFFFF) &&
(mem[1] == 0x00000000 || mem[1] == 0xFFFFFFFF) &&
(mem[2] == 0x00000000 || mem[2] == 0xFFFFFFFF) &&
(mem[3] == 0x00000000 || mem[3] == 0xFFFFFFFF))
{
return false;
}
else
{
return true;
}
}
static void JumpToApp(void)
{
typedef void (*pFunction)(void);
static pFunction JumpToApplication;
static uint32_t JumpAddress;
/* Test if user code is programmed starting from USBD_DFU_APP_DEFAULT_ADD * address */
if (((*(__IO uint32_t *) APP_ADDR) & 0x2FFE0000) == 0x20000000)
{
/* Jump to user application */
JumpAddress = *(__IO uint32_t *) (APP_ADDR + 4u);
//HAL_DeInit();
JumpToApplication = (pFunction) JumpAddress;
/* Initialize user application's Stack Pointer */
__set_MSP((*(__IO uint32_t *) APP_ADDR));
JumpToApplication();
}
}
bool is_button_down()
{
return (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(KEY_GPIO_Port, KEY_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET);
}
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
uint8_t u***_current_state = 0;
uint8_t u***_input_state = 0;
uint32_t overTime = 0;
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
MX_USB_DEVICE_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
printf("heihei !!!rn");
#if 0
if(!is_appcode_exist() || is_button_down())
{
MX_USB_DEVICE_Init(); //注意，这里初始化，上面就要注释掉才行。
printf("Jump failed, USB firmware upgrade mode!!!rn");
while(1)
{
}
}
else
{
printf("Jump succeed!!!rn");
JumpToApp();
}
#endif
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
#if 1
if(hU***DeviceFS.dev_state != u***_current_state){
if(hU***DeviceFS.dev_state== USBD_STATE_CONFIGURED){
u***_input_state = 1;
printf("u*** is connected!!!rn");
}else if(hU***DeviceFS.dev_state== USBD_STATE_SUSPENDED){
printf("u*** Disconnect!!!rn");
}else{
//
}
u***_current_state = hU***DeviceFS.dev_state;
}
//
if(overTime++ > 3000){
//
if(u***_input_state == 0 && (is_appcode_exist() == 1)){
printf("---system run -apprn");
JumpToApp();
printf("---system run -app error!!!!rn");
}
}
HAL_Delay(1000);
HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);
#endif
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0};
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_USB;
PeriphClkInit.U***ClockSelection = RCC_USBCLKSOURCE_PLL_DIV1_5;
if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %drn", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
————————————————
2) app工程
该工程STM32CubeMX配置基本跟BootLoder一样，只是使用了LED与串口功能。
main.c文件
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* © Copyright (c) 2021 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
* the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
* opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
int fputc(int ch, FILE* FILE)
{
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t*)&ch, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
return ch;
}
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
SCB->VTOR = FLASH_BASE | 0x8000;
__ASM("CPSIE I");//
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);
printf("runing app!!! rn");
HAL_Delay(500);
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %drn", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
需要生成.bin文件
fromelf.exe --bin --output=.out@L.bin !L
以上步骤，只需编译，无需使用ST-Link下载，生成.bin文件如下：
烧录固件顺序，先烧录bootloader，再使用拷贝文件方式进行固件升级。操作如下：
运行结果：
该文章源码：链接
参考文章：链接
（注：csdn下载的源码需要更改以下地方）
总结：在此做下笔录，方便后期参阅，同时也给嵌入式一些同仁们参考吧！加油！！！
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