本文章为《STM32MP157 Linux系统移植开发篇》系列中的一篇,笔者使用的开发平台为华清远见FS-MP1A开发板(STM32MP157开发板)。stm32mp157是ARM双核,2个A7核,1个M4核,A7核上可以跑Linux操作系统,M4核上可以跑FreeRTOS、RT-Thread等实时操作系统,STM32MP157开发板所以既可以学嵌入式linux,也可以学stm32单片机。
针对FS-MP1A开发板,除了Linux系统移植篇外,还包括其他多系列教程,包括Cortex-A7开发篇、Cortex-M4开发篇、扩展板驱动移植篇、Linux应用开发篇、FreeRTOS系统移植篇、Linux驱动开发篇、硬件设计篇、人工智能机器视觉篇、Qt应用编程篇、Qt综合项目实战篇等。欢迎关注,更多stm32mp157开发教程及视频,可加技术交流Q群459754978,感谢关注。
关于FS-MP1A开发板:
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1.实验原理DSI(Display Serial Interface),是有MIPI联盟定义的一组
通信协议的一部分,MIPI DSI主机控制器是一个数字核心,实现MIPI DSI规范中定义的所有协议功能。它提供了系统和MIPI D_PHY中间的接口,允许用户和符合DSI的显示器进行通信。STM32MP157A系列芯片集成MIPI DSI主机控制器。
MIPI®DSI主机包括内部连接到LTDC的专用视频接口以及一个通用的APB接口,可用于向显示器传输信息。
FS-MP1A提供两组LCD显示接口,分别是RGB和MIPI接口,本节介绍如何在Linux中完成MIPI LCD的支持。
上图为MIPI LCD的接口,接口信号线分为两组,分别是由DSI_D0P、DSI_D0N、DSI_D1P、DSI_D1N、DSI_CKP、DSI_CKN、DSI_TE、DSI_RST、LCD_PWM组成的LCD接口和由I2C2_SCL、I2C2_SDA、TP_RST、TP_IRQ组成的触摸屏接口,本节介绍LCD的支持。
DSI_D0P、DSI_D0N、DSI_D1P、DSI_D1N、DSI_CKP、DSI_CKN是DSI-MIPI的信号线,DSI_TE未使用,DSI_RST是LCD屏复位信号LCD_PWM是背光控制信号。
MIPI LCD接口管脚对应关系:
原理图网络编号 | 对应管脚 | 管脚功能 | 管脚功能码 |
DSI_D0P | DSI_D0P | DSI_D0P | DSI信号线对应管脚为单一功能管脚 |
DSI_D0N | DSI_D0N | DSI_D0N |
DSI_D1P | DSI_D1P | DSI_D1P |
DSI_D1N | DSI_D1N | DSI_D1N |
DSI_CKP | DSI_CKP | DSI_CKP |
DSI_CKN | DSI_CKN | DSI_CKN |
DSI_TE | PC6 | IO | |
DSI_RST | PG9 | IO | |
LCD_PWM | PA5 | tiM2_CH1 | AF1 |
参考文档:
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/pwm/pwm-stm32.txt
内核中ST对STM32MP15x系列芯片的设备树资源了做了定义,可参见:
arch/arm/boot/dts/stm32mp151.dtsi
stm32mp151中timers2定义如下:
timers2: timer@40000000 {
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
compatible = "st,stm32-timers";
reg = <0x40000000 0x400>;
clocks = <&rcc TIM2_K>;
clock-names = "int";
dmas = <&dmamux1 18 0x400 0x80000001>,
<&dmamux1 19 0x400 0x80000001>,
<&dmamux1 20 0x400 0x80000001>,
<&dmamux1 21 0x400 0x80000001>,
<&dmamux1 22 0x400 0x80000001>;
dma-names = "ch1", "ch2", "ch3", "ch4", "up";
status = "disabled";
pwm {
compatible = "st,stm32-pwm";
#pwm-cells = <3>;
status = "disabled";
};
timer@1 {
compatible = "st,stm32h7-timer-trigger";
reg = <1>;
status = "disabled";
};
counter {
compatible = "st,stm32-timer-counter";
status = "disabled";
};
};
上述代码只对timers5做了基本的初始化,并没有针对不同的硬件设计做适配,所以需结合硬件补全设备树节点信息。
参考文档或stm32mp15xx-dkx.dtsi对于i2c设备节点的描述,增加timers内容如下:
&timers2 {
/* spare dmas for other usage */
/delete-property/dmas;
/delete-property/dma-names;
status = "okay";
pwm2: pwm {
pinctrl-0 = <&pwm2_pins_b>;
pinctrl-1 = <&pwm2_sleep_pins_b>;
pinctrl-names = "default", "sleep";
#pwm-cells = <2>;
status = "okay";
};
timer@2 {
status = "disabled";
};
};
stm32mp15-pinctrl.dtsi对于pwm2的描述与FS-MP1A所使用管脚不一致,所以无法直接使用,需参考其增加如下内容:
pwm2_pins_b: pwm2-0 {
pins {
pinmux =
; /* TIM2_CH1 */
bias-pull-down;
drive-push-pull;
slew-rate = <0>;
};
};
pwm2_sleep_pins_b: pwm1-sleep-0 {
pins {
pinmux = ; /* TIM2_CH1 */
};
};
参考文档:
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/backlight/pwm-backlight.txt
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/backlight/gpio-backlight.txt
FS-MP1A背光可以通过GPIO驱动也可通过PWM2的通道1驱动,可以对比参考文档或内核中其他设备树关于背光的定义。
GPIO驱动背光节点内容如下:
panel_backlight: panel-backlight {
compatible = "gpio-backlight";
gpios = <&gpiod 13 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
default-on;
status = "okay";
};
PWM驱动背光节点内容如下:
panel_backlight: panel-backlight {
compatible = "pwm-backlight";
pwms = <&pwm2 0 5000000>;
brightness-levels = <0 4 8 16 32 64 128 255>;
default-brightness-level = <6>;
status = "okay";
};
参考文档:
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/display/st,stm32-ltdc.txt
由于前面章节已经对LTDC做了讲解,并且已经增加了LTDC的设备节点,本节只需在原有基础上增加DSI对应的数据通道即可。
<dc {
status = "okay";
port {
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
ltdc_ep1_out: endpoint@1 {
reg = <1>;
remote-endpoint = <&dsi_in>;
};
};
};
参考文档
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/display/panel/panel-dsi-cm.txt
结合参考文档及内核中STM32MP157其他设备树文件,Panel设备树节点为:
panel: panel@0 {
compatible = "sitronix,st7701";
reg = <0>;
reset-gpios = <&gpiog 9 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;
power-supply = <&v3v3>;
status = "okay";
port {
panel_in: endpoint {
remote-endpoint = <&dsi_out>;
};
};
};
参考文档:
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/display/mipi-dsi-bus.txt
内核中ST对STM32MP15x系列芯片的设备树资源了做了定义,可参见:
arch/arm/boot/dts/stm32mp157.dtsi
stm32mp157中dsi定义如下:
dsi: dsi@5a000000 {
compatible = "st,stm32-dsi";
reg = <0x5a000000 0x800>;
phy-dsi-supply = <®18>;
clocks = <&rcc DSI_K>, <&scmi0_clk CK_SCMI0_HSE>, <&rcc DSI_PX>;
clock-names = "pclk", "ref", "px_clk";
resets = <&rcc DSI_R>;
reset-names = "apb";
status = "disabled";
};
上述代码只对dsi做了基本的初始化,并没有针对不同的硬件设计做适配,所以需结合硬件补全设备树节点信息。补齐后内容如下:
&dsi {
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
status = "okay";
ports {
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
port@0 {
reg = <0>;
dsi_in: endpoint {
remote-endpoint = <<dc_ep1_out>;
};
};
port@1 {
reg = <1>;
dsi_out: endpoint {
remote-endpoint = <&dsi_panel_in>;
};
};
};
panel_dsi: panel-dsi@0 {
compatible = "sitronix,st7701";
reg = <0>;
reset-gpios = <&gpiog 9 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
backlight = <&panel_backlight>;
power-supply = <&v3v3>;
status = "okay";
port {
dsi_panel_in: endpoint {
remote-endpoint = <&dsi_out>;
};
};
};
};
2.实验目的熟悉基于Linux操作系统下的MIPI-LCD设备驱动移植配置过程。
3.实验平台华清远见开发环境,FS-MP1A平台;
4.实验步骤linux@ubuntu:$ source /opt/st/stm32mp1/3.1-openstlinux-5.4-dunfell-mp1-20-06-24/environment-setup-cortexa7t2hf-neon-vfpv4-ostl-linux-gnueabi
FS-MP1A配套MIPI屏幕主控芯片是st7701,内核中并没有提供其的驱动,所以需要移植st7701的驱动
将【华清远见-FS-MP1A开发资料 2-程序源码 4-Linux系统移植 4-移植相关文件 2-Linux内核移植st7701驱动】下的panel-sitronix-st7701.c复制到内核源码下的drivers/gpu/drm/panel/目录下。
linux@ubuntu $> cp panel-sitronix-st7701.c drivers/gpu/drm/panel/
修改stm32mp15xx-fsmp1x.dtsi,在stm32mp15xx-fsmp1x.dtsi文件末尾添加如下内容:
&timers2 {
/* spare dmas for other usage */
/delete-property/dmas;
/delete-property/dma-names;
status = "okay";
pwm2: pwm {
pinctrl-0 = <&pwm2_pins_b>;
pinctrl-1 = <&pwm2_sleep_pins_b>;
pinctrl-names = "default", "sleep";
#pwm-cells = <2>;
status = "okay";
};
timer@2 {
status = "disabled";
};
};
&pinctrl {
pwm2_pins_b: pwm2-0 {
pins {
pinmux = ; /* TIM2_CH1 */
bias-pull-down;
drive-push-pull;
slew-rate = <0>;
};
};
pwm2_sleep_pins_b: pwm1-sleep-0 {
pins {
pinmux = ; /* TIM2_CH1 */
};
};
};
修改stm32mp15xx-fsmp1x.dtsi,在根节点中添加如下内容:
panel_backlight: panel-backlight {
compatible = "pwm-backlight";
pwms = <&pwm2 0 5000000>;
brightness-levels = <0 4 8 16 32 64 128 255>;
default-brightness-level = <6>;
status = "okay";
};
由于MIPI LCD并非FS-MP1A必须配置,本节增加一个设备树文件,对应增加了屏幕的设备。
在内核的arch/arm/boot/dts目录下新建文件stm32mp157a-fsmp1a-mipi050.dts文件并添加如下内容:
#include "stm32mp157a-fsmp1a.dts"
/ {
model = "HQYJ STM32MP157 FSMP1A MIPI Discovery Board";
compatible = "st,stm32mp157a-dk1", "st,stm32mp157";
};
由于增加了新的设备树文件需修改arch/arm/boot/dts/Makefile,在文件中增加新的条目,红色字体部分为增加内容
dtb-$(CONFIG_ARCH_STM32) +=
…..
stm32mp157a-dk1.dtb
stm32mp157a-fsmp1a.dtb
stm32mp157a-fsmp1a-mipi050.dtb
stm32mp157d-dk1.dtb
修改stm32mp157a-fsmp1a-mipi050.dts,在文件末尾添加如下内容:
<dc {
status = "okay";
port {
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
ltdc_ep1_out: endpoint@1 {
reg = <1>;
remote-endpoint = <&dsi_in>;
};
};
};
修改stm32mp157a-fsmp1a-mipi050.dts,在文件末尾添加如下内容:
&dsi {
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
status = "okay";
ports {
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
port@0 {
reg = <0>;
dsi_in: endpoint {
remote-endpoint = <<dc_ep1_out>;
};
};
port@1 {
reg = <1>;
dsi_out: endpoint {
remote-endpoint = <&dsi_panel_in>;
};
};
};
panel_dsi: panel-dsi@0 {
compatible = "sitronix,st7701";
reg = <0>;
reset-gpios = <&gpiog 9 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;
power-supply = <&v3v3>;
status = "okay";
port {
dsi_panel_in: endpoint {
remote-endpoint = <&dsi_out>;
};
};
};
};
配置内核支持st7701,并列出主要选项,如下:
linux@ubuntu:$ make menuconfig
Device Drivers --->
Graphics support --->
<*> Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support) --->
<*> DRM Support for STMicroelectronics SoC Series
<*> STMicroelectronics specific extensions for Synopsys MIPI DSI
Display Panels --->
<*> Sitronix ST7701 panel driver
Backlight & LCD device support --->
<*> Generic PWM based Backlight Driver
<*> Generic GPIO based Backlight Driver
在虚拟机/tftpboot /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-80-e1-42-60-17末尾添加
LABEL stm32mp157a-fsmp1a-mipi
KERNEL /uImage
FDT /stm32mp157a-fsmp1a-mipi050.dtb
APPEND root=/dev/mmcblk1p4 rootwait rw console=ttySTM0,115200
linux@ubuntu:$ make -j4 uImage dtbs LOADADDR=0xC2000040
将编译好的设备树和内核镜像拷贝到/tftpboot目录下,通过tftp引导内核,设备连接HDMI显示器,重启设备后查看/sys/class/drm会多出HMID的信息,同时显示器会有显示。
硬件平台:华清远见FS-MP1A开发板(STM32MP157)
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