基于Arduino的“跑酷”游戏机设计步骤

游戏说明:

这是一个跑酷游戏, 需要火柴人(滑块)越过障碍(黑线), 若碰到黑线则游戏结束。

玩法：

1.上电启动，屏幕显示press key时按下按钮，屏幕会显示倒计时，倒计时时间为2s，因此在2s后就开始游戏了；

2. 当屏幕第一行显示”Go”第二行显示游戏时间时表示游戏正在进行中，你可以按下手中的按钮来让火柴人跳动，按一下火柴人跳动一下，按钮不支持长按，也就是说你一直按下按钮，火柴人也只是跳动一次；

3. 若在游戏过程中火柴人碰到了障碍物则游戏结束了，屏幕第一行显示“Game over”，第二行显示你这次游戏的时间。

DIY:

1. 准备: L298电机驱动(也可以使用其他电机驱动)、红外对管黑线检测模块、LCD1602、key、舵机、直流减速电机、滚轮、传送带(纸)、框架、UNO;

2. 组装：

把各个模块与单片机连接就可以编写程序了

舵机的控制

舵机的控制一般需要一个20ms左右的时基脉冲，该脉冲的高电平部分一般为0.5ms-2.5ms范围内的角度控制脉冲部分，总间隔为2ms。以180度角度伺服为例，那么对应的控制关系是这样的：

0.5ms--------------0度；
1.0ms------------45度；
1.5ms------------90度；
2.0ms-----------135度；
2.5ms-----------180度；

红外对管黑线检测

当红外对管下面是黑色时由于黑色反光很弱，因此通过Q1的电流非常小，因此LM358的2脚的电压会接近电源电压，并且大于3脚的参考电压，此时LM358输出低电平，反之亦然。因此可以用单片机捕获这个电平变化。

参考程序

#include
#include
#include

#define BIT(x)(1<<(x))

Servomyservo;
// create servoobject to control a servo
int key =4;    // key's pin
int motor =5;       // motor's pin
intsliding_block = 2;
int servo =9;
int degree =100;       // servo degree
float game_time= 0;    // game's time
volatileunsigned int delay_counter = 0;
// tomydelay()
booleangame_over = true;
boolean reset =true;
LiquidCrystallcd(0);

void int0_init()    // get sliding_block's data
{
  DDRD &=~BIT(2);
  PORTD |= BIT(2);
  EICRA &=~BIT(1);
  EICRA |= BIT(0);
  EIFR |= BIT(0);    // clear flag
  EIMSK &=~BIT(0);
}

voidtimer0_init()    // controlmotor
{
  OCR0A = 100;
  OCR0B = 10;

  TCCR0A |= BIT(COM0A0) | BIT(COM0B1) | BIT(WGM01)| BIT(WGM00);
  TCCR0B |= BIT(WGM02) | BIT(CS00);
}

voidtimer2_init()
// tomydelay(), because it seems like delay() can't be interrupted by otherinterrupt such as INT0
{
  TCCR2A = 0;
  TCCR2B = BIT(CS22) + BIT(CS21) +BIT(CS20);    // 1024 divide
  TCNT2 = 99;       //10ms
  TIMSK2 &= ~BIT(TOIE2);
}

void lcd_init()
{
  lcd.begin(16, 2);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print(" press key!  ");
  lcd.setBacklight(HIGH);
}

void setup()
{
  myservo.attach(servo);
// attaches the servo on pin 9 to theservo object

  pinMode(motor, OUTPUT);
  timer0_init();    //motor

  pinMode(key, INPUT);
  pinMode(13, OUTPUT); //LED
  digitalWrite(13, LOW);

  timer2_init();    //mydelay
  pinMode(sliding_block, INPUT);
  int0_init();    //sliding_block

  lcd_init();
  sei();
}

voidmydelay(unsigned int x, void (*fun)(void))
//min=10ms
{
  unsigned int time_count = x/10;
  volatile unsigned int comp_count =delay_counter + time_count;
  //comp_count and delay_counter must is a volatilevariable

  TIMSK2 |= (1<   while(delay_counter < comp_count){
  //in order to notwaste CPU, you can execute your function in this loop
  if(0 != fun)
fun();
  }
  TIMSK2 &=~(1< }

voidlcd_display(void)
{
  lcd.setCursor(6, 1);
  lcd.print(game_time);
}

void loop()
{
  static int key_time = 0;
  if(!game_over){
if(!digitalRead(key)){
   if(key_time < 2)
      degree = 140;
   else
      degree = 100;
   key_time++;
}
else{
   degree = 100;
   key_time = 0;
}
myservo.write(degree);
// sets the servo positionaccording to the scaled value g
if(degree > 120){
   mydelay(80, lcd_display);
   game_time += 0.1;
   mydelay(80, lcd_display);
   game_time += 0.1;
}
else{
   game_time += 0.1;
   mydelay(80, lcd_display);
   // waits for theservo to get there
}
  }else{
if(!reset){
   lcd.clear();
   lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
   lcd.print(" Game Over ");
   lcd.setCursor(5, 1);
   lcd.print(game_time);
   mydelay(3000, 0);
}
reset = false;
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(" press key!  ");

while(digitalRead(key)){
   myservo.write(degree);
   // sets the servo positionaccording to the scaled value
   mydelay(32, 0);
   // waits for theservo to get there
   OCR0B = 10;
}
mydelay(64, 0);
while(!digitalRead(key));

lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(8, 0);
lcd.print("2");
mydelay(1000, 0);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(8, 0);
lcd.print("1");
mydelay(1000, 0);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(7, 0);
lcd.print("go");

game_over = false;
game_time = 0;
OCR0B = 60;
EIFR|= BIT(0);
EIMSK |= BIT(0);
//enable extern interrupt 0
  }
}

ISR(INT0_vect)
{
  EIMSK &=~BIT(0);
  OCR0B = 10;
  game_over = true;
  TIMSK1 &=~BIT(TOIE1);
}

ISR(TIMER2_OVF_vect)
{
  TCNT2 = 99;    //10ms
  delay_counter++;
}