[文章]【学习打卡】ArkUI eTS 计算十二生肖

1. 前言

此实例是根据选择年份计算出生肖，使用到Menu控制通用属性，使用Excel编写简单函数快速生成MenuItem数据。

2. 效果

3. 功能

点击文本框，弹出菜单选择年份，点击计算按钮算出选择年份对应生肖。

4. 讲解

1. 定义十二生肖数组

// 十二生肖数组
    private zodiac: Array<string> = ["猴", "鸡", "狗", "猪", "鼠", "牛", "虎", "兔", "龙", "蛇", "马", "羊"];

2. 定义年份和计算出来生肖变量

// 存储选择年份
    @State year: number = 2022
    // 计算出来生肖
    @State born: string = "?"

3. 定义计算生肖函数，根据选择年份%12取模(余数),得到的余数就是十二生肖数组的下标，从而得到相对生肖。

// 计算生肖
    getBorn() {
        let idx = this.year%12
        this.born = this.zodiac[idx]
    }

4. Menu控制需要参数类型是Array,而MenuItem是包含value属性和action回调函数，为了生成多些测试数据，这里使用到了平常处理SQL语句方法，Excel函数是：

="{ value: '"&$A1&"', action: () => {this.year = "&$A1&"; this.born = '?'} },"

5. 显示年份文本组件外面用多一层Column组件，为什么用多一层，后面会说出原因,然后在Column组件绑定Menu组件。

Column() {
                Text(this.year + '')
                    .fontSize(20)
                    .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
                    .padding(10)
                    .width(100)
                    .border({ width: 1, radius: 8 })
            }
            .bindMenu([
                { value: '2006', action: () => {this.year = 2006; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2007', action: () => {this.year = 2007; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2008', action: () => {this.year = 2008; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2009', action: () => {this.year = 2009; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2010', action: () => {this.year = 2010; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2011', action: () => {this.year = 2011; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2012', action: () => {this.year = 2012; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2013', action: () => {this.year = 2013; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2014', action: () => {this.year = 2014; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2015', action: () => {this.year = 2015; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2016', action: () => {this.year = 2016; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2017', action: () => {this.year = 2017; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2018', action: () => {this.year = 2018; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2019', action: () => {this.year = 2019; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2020', action: () => {this.year = 2020; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2021', action: () => {this.year = 2021; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2022', action: () => {this.year = 2022; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2023', action: () => {this.year = 2023; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2024', action: () => {this.year = 2024; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2025', action: () => {this.year = 2025; this.born = '?'} }
            ])

5. 总结

为什么不把Menu控制直接绑定到Text组件上，当直接绑定到Text组件上，选择年份后，赋值不了给Text组件，所以为什么加多一层Column组件。最后贴出完整代码，如下：

@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
    // 十二生肖数组
    private zodiac: Array<string> = ["猴", "鸡", "狗", "猪", "鼠", "牛", "虎", "兔", "龙", "蛇", "马", "羊"];
    // 存储选择年份
    @State year: number = 2022
    // 计算出来生肖
    @State born: string = "?"


    build() {
        Column({space: 20}) {
            Text('请选择年份')
                .fontSize(20)
                .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)

            // 选择年份
            Column() {
                Text(this.year + '')
                    .fontSize(20)
                    .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
                    .padding(10)
                    .width(100)
                    .border({ width: 1, radius: 8 })
            }
            .bindMenu([
                { value: '2006', action: () => {this.year = 2006; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2007', action: () => {this.year = 2007; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2008', action: () => {this.year = 2008; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2009', action: () => {this.year = 2009; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2010', action: () => {this.year = 2010; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2011', action: () => {this.year = 2011; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2012', action: () => {this.year = 2012; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2013', action: () => {this.year = 2013; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2014', action: () => {this.year = 2014; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2015', action: () => {this.year = 2015; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2016', action: () => {this.year = 2016; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2017', action: () => {this.year = 2017; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2018', action: () => {this.year = 2018; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2019', action: () => {this.year = 2019; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2020', action: () => {this.year = 2020; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2021', action: () => {this.year = 2021; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2022', action: () => {this.year = 2022; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2023', action: () => {this.year = 2023; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2024', action: () => {this.year = 2024; this.born = '?'} },
                { value: '2025', action: () => {this.year = 2025; this.born = '?'} }
            ])

            // 计算按钮操作
            Button('计算', {type: ButtonType.Normal, stateEffect: true})
                .fontSize(18)
                .borderRadius(8)
                .width(100)
                .margin({bottom: 20})
                .onClick(() => {
                    // 根据年份计算生肖
                    this.getBorn()
                })
            // 显示计算结果
            Text(`${this.year} 年生肖是  ${this.born}`)
                .fontSize(20)
                .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
        }
        .width('100%')
        .height('100%')
        .padding({top: '33%'})
    }
    // 计算生肖
    getBorn() {
        let idx = this.year%12
        this.born = this.zodiac[idx]
    }
}