11.1 MQTT介绍MQTT 是当前最主流的物联网通信协议,需要物联网云平台,例如华为云、阿里云、移动OneNET都支持mqtt。而Hi3861则是一款专为IoT应用场景打造的芯片。本节主要讲如何在鸿蒙系统中通过移植第3方软件包 paho mqtt去实现MQTT协议功能,最后会给出测试验证。为后续的物联网项目打好基础。
友情预告,本节内容较多,源码也贴出来了,大家最好先看一遍,然后再操作一次。
11.2 MQTT移植如果不想要自己移植的,可以跳过本节
MQTT 全称为 Message Queuing Telemetry Transport(消息队列遥测传输)是一种基于发布/订阅范式的二进制“轻量级”消息协议,由IB公司发布。针对于网络受限和嵌入式设备而设计的一种数据传输协议。MQTT最大优点在于,可以以极少的代码和有限的带宽,为连接远程设备提供实时可靠的消息服务。作为一种低开销、低带宽占用的即时通讯协议,使其在物联网、小型设备、移动应用等方面有较广泛的应用。MQTT模型如图所示。
更多MQTT协议的介绍见这篇文章: MQTT 协议开发入门
1. 下载paho mqtt软件包,添加到鸿蒙代码中paho mqtt-c 是基于C语言实现的MQTT客户端,非常适合用在嵌入式设备上。首先下载源码:
https://github.com/eclipse/paho.mqtt.embedded-c
下载之后解压,会得到这么一个文件夹:
如何在鸿蒙系统中移植 Paho-MQTT 实现MQTT协议-鸿蒙HarmonyOS技术社区 我们在鸿蒙系统源码的 third_party 文件夹下创建一个 pahomqtt 文件夹,然后把解压后的所有文件都拷贝到 pahomqtt 文件夹下
下一步,我们在pahomqtt 文件夹下面新建BUILD.gn文件,用来构建编译。其内容如下:
- # Copyright (c) 2020 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.
- # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- # You may obtain a copy of the License at
- #
- # [url]http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0[/url]
- #
- # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- # limitations under the License.
- import("//build/lite/config/component/lite_component.gni")
- import("//build/lite/ndk/ndk.gni")
- config("pahomqtt_config") {
- include_dirs = [
- "MQTTPacket/src",
- "MQTTClient-C/src",
- "MQTTClient-C/src/liteOS",
- "//kernel/liteos_m/components/cmsis/2.0",
- ]
- }
- pahomqtt_sources = [
- "MQTTClient-C/src/liteOS/MQTTLiteOS.c",
- "MQTTClient-C/src/MQTTClient.c",
- "MQTTPacket/src/MQTTConnectClient.c",
- "MQTTPacket/src/MQTTConnectServer.c",
- "MQTTPacket/src/MQTTDeserializePublish.c",
- "MQTTPacket/src/MQTTFormat.c",
- "MQTTPacket/src/MQTTPacket.c",
- "MQTTPacket/src/MQTTSerializePublish.c",
- "MQTTPacket/src/MQTTSubscribeClient.c",
- "MQTTPacket/src/MQTTSubscribeServer.c",
- "MQTTPacket/src/MQTTUnsubscribeClient.c",
- "MQTTPacket/src/MQTTUnsubscribeServer.c",
- ]
- lite_library("pahomqtt_static") {
- target_type = "static_library"
- sources = pahomqtt_sources
- public_configs = [ ":pahomqtt_config" ]
- }
- lite_library("pahomqtt_shared") {
- target_type = "shared_library"
- sources = pahomqtt_sources
- public_configs = [ ":pahomqtt_config" ]
- }
- ndk_lib("pahomqtt_ndk") {
- if (board_name != "hi3861v100") {
- lib_extension = ".so"
- deps = [
- ":pahomqtt_shared"
- ]
- } else {
- deps = [
- ":pahomqtt_static"
- ]
- }
- head_files = [
- "//third_party/pahomqtt"
- ]
- }
复制代码 2. 移植我们使用到的是MQTTClient-C的代码,该代码支持多线程。
(1)创建LiteOS文件夹
MQTT已经提供了Linux和freertos的移植,这里我们参考,新建文件夹:
third_partypahomqttMQTTClient-CsrcliteOS
里面存放两个文件:
MQTTLiteOS.c 和 MQTTLiteOS.h
内容如下:
- #include "MQTTLiteOS.h"
- //用来创建线程
- int ThreadStart(Thread* thread, void (*fn)(void*), void* arg)
- {
- int rc = 0;
- thread = thread;
- osThreadAttr_t attr;
- attr.name = "MQTTTask";
- attr.attr_bits = 0U;
- attr.cb_mem = NULL;
- attr.cb_size = 0U;
- attr.stack_mem = NULL;
- attr.stack_size = 2048;
- attr.priority = osThreadGetPriority(osThreadGetId());
- rc = (int)osThreadNew((osThreadFunc_t)fn, arg, &attr);
- return rc;
- }
- //定时器初始化
- void TimerInit(Timer* timer)
- {
- timer->end_time = (struct timeval){0, 0};
- }
- char TimerIsExpired(Timer* timer)
- {
- struct timeval now, res;
- gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
- timersub(&timer->end_time, &now, &res);
- return res.tv_sec < 0 || (res.tv_sec == 0 && res.tv_usec <= 0);
- }
- void TimerCountdownMS(Timer* timer, unsigned int timeout)
- {
- struct timeval now;
- gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
- struct timeval interval = {timeout / 1000, (timeout % 1000) * 1000};
- timeradd(&now, &interval, &timer->end_time);
- }
- void TimerCountdown(Timer* timer, unsigned int timeout)
- {
- struct timeval now;
- gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
- struct timeval interval = {timeout, 0};
- timeradd(&now, &interval, &timer->end_time);
- }
- int TimerLeftMS(Timer* timer)
- {
- struct timeval now, res;
- gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
- timersub(&timer->end_time, &now, &res);
- //printf("left %d msn", (res.tv_sec < 0) ? 0 : res.tv_sec * 1000 + res.tv_usec / 1000);
- return (res.tv_sec < 0) ? 0 : res.tv_sec * 1000 + res.tv_usec / 1000;
- }
- void MutexInit(Mutex* mutex)
- {
- mutex->sem = osSemaphoreNew(1, 1, NULL);
- }
- int MutexLock(Mutex* mutex)
- {
- return osSemaphoreAcquire(mutex->sem, LOS_WAIT_FOREVER);
- }
- int MutexUnlock(Mutex* mutex)
- {
- return osSemaphoreRelease(mutex->sem);
- }
- //接受数据
- int ohos_read(Network* n, unsigned char* buffer, int len, int timeout_ms)
- {
- struct timeval interval = {timeout_ms / 1000, (timeout_ms % 1000) * 1000};
- if (interval.tv_sec < 0 || (interval.tv_sec == 0 && interval.tv_usec <= 0))
- {
- interval.tv_sec = 0;
- interval.tv_usec = 100;
- }
- setsockopt(n->my_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (char *)&interval, sizeof(struct timeval));
- int bytes = 0;
- while (bytes < len)
- {
- int rc = recv(n->my_socket, &buffer[bytes], (size_t)(len - bytes), 0);
- if (rc == -1)
- {
- if (errno != EAGAIN && errno != EWOULDBLOCK)
- bytes = -1;
- break;
- }
- else if (rc == 0)
- {
- bytes = 0;
- break;
- }
- else
- bytes += rc;
- }
- return bytes;
- }
- //写数据
- int ohos_write(Network* n, unsigned char* buffer, int len, int timeout_ms)
- {
- struct timeval tv;
- tv.tv_sec = 0; /* 30 Secs Timeout */
- tv.tv_usec = timeout_ms * 1000; // Not init'ing this can cause strange errors
- setsockopt(n->my_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, (char *)&tv,sizeof(struct timeval));
- int rc = send(n->my_socket, buffer, len, 0);
- return rc;
- }
- //网络初始化
- void NetworkInit(Network* n)
- {
- n->my_socket = 0;
- n->mqttread = ohos_read;
- n->mqttwrite = ohos_write;
- }
- //网络连接
- int NetworkConnect(Network* n, char* addr, int port)
- {
- int type = SOCK_STREAM;
- struct sockaddr_in address;
- int rc = -1;
- sa_family_t family = AF_INET;
- struct addrinfo *result = NULL;
- struct addrinfo hints = {0, AF_UNSPEC, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL};
- if ((rc = getaddrinfo(addr, NULL, &hints, &result)) == 0)
- {
- struct addrinfo* res = result;
- /* prefer ip4 addresses */
- while (res)
- {
- if (res->ai_family == AF_INET)
- {
- result = res;
- break;
- }
- res = res->ai_next;
- }
- if (result->ai_family == AF_INET)
- {
- address.sin_port = htons(port);
- address.sin_family = family = AF_INET;
- address.sin_addr = ((struct sockaddr_in*)(result->ai_addr))->sin_addr;
- }
- else
- rc = -1;
- freeaddrinfo(result);
- }
- if (rc == 0)
- {
- n->my_socket = socket(family, type, 0);
- if (n->my_socket != -1)
- rc = connect(n->my_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&address, sizeof(address));
- else
- rc = -1;
- }
- return rc;
- }
- void NetworkDisconnect(Network* n)
- {
- close(n->my_socket);
- }
复制代码至此我们移植基本结束
11.3 测试代码测试代码比较好写。主要是3个文件,内容我都贴出来了:
(1)BUILD.gn文件内容:
static_library("mqtt_test") {
sources = [
"mqtt_test.c",
"mqtt_entry.c"
]
include_dirs = [
"//utils/native/lite/include",
"//kernel/liteos_m/components/cmsis/2.0",
"//base/iot_hardware/interfaces/kits/wifiiot_lite",
"//vendor/hisi/hi3861/hi3861/third_party/lwip_sack/include",
"//foundation/communication/interfaces/kits/wifi_lite/wifiservice",
"//third_party/pahomqtt/MQTTPacket/src",
"//third_party/pahomqtt/MQTTClient-C/src",
"//third_party/pahomqtt/MQTTClient-C/src/liteOS",
]
#表示需要a_myparty 软件包
deps = [
"//third_party/pahomqtt:pahomqtt_static",
]
}
(2)mqtt_entry.c文件
主要是进行热点连接,因为我们要使用MQTT需要用到网络。热点连接的代码之前在第9章已经讲说,这里就不完全贴了,代码仓库也有,主要的代码部分:
void wifi_sta_task(void *arg)
{
arg = arg;
//连接热点
hi_wifi_start_sta();
while(wifi_ok_flg == 0)
{
usleep(30000);
}
usleep(2000000);
//开始进入MQTT测试
mqtt_test();
}
(3)mqtt_test.c 文件则是编写了一个简单的MQTT测试代码
其中测试用的mqtt服务器是我自己的服务器:5.196.95.208
大家也可以改成自己的。
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include "ohos_init.h"
- #include "cmsis_os2.h"
- #include "hi_wifi_api.h"
- #include "lwip/ip_addr.h"
- #include "lwip/netifapi.h"
- #include "lwip/sockets.h"
- #include "MQTTClient.h"
- static MQTTClient mq_client;
- unsigned char *onenet_mqtt_buf;
- unsigned char *onenet_mqtt_readbuf;
- int buf_size;
- Network n;
- MQTTPacket_connectData data = MQTTPacket_connectData_initializer;
- //消息回调函数
- void mqtt_callback(MessageData *msg_data)
- {
- size_t res_len = 0;
- uint8_t *response_buf = NULL;
- char topicname[45] = { "$crsp/" };
- LOS_ASSERT(msg_data);
- printf("topic %.*s receive a messagern", msg_data->topicName->lenstring.len, msg_data->topicName->lenstring.data);
- printf("message is %.*srn", msg_data->message->payloadlen, msg_data->message->payload);
- }
- int mqtt_connect(void)
- {
- int rc = 0;
-
- NetworkInit(&n);
- NetworkConnect(&n, "5.196.95.208", 1883);
- buf_size = 2048;
- onenet_mqtt_buf = (unsigned char *) malloc(buf_size);
- onenet_mqtt_readbuf = (unsigned char *) malloc(buf_size);
- if (!(onenet_mqtt_buf && onenet_mqtt_readbuf))
- {
- printf("No memory for MQTT client buffer!");
- return -2;
- }
- MQTTClientInit(&mq_client, &n, 1000, onenet_mqtt_buf, buf_size, onenet_mqtt_readbuf, buf_size);
-
- MQTTStartTask(&mq_client);
- data.keepAliveInterval = 30;
- data.cleansession = 1;
- data.clientID.cstring = "ohos_hi3861";
- data.username.cstring = "123456";
- data.password.cstring = "222222";
- data.keepAliveInterval = 10;
- data.cleansession = 1;
-
- mq_client.defaultMessageHandler = mqtt_callback;
- //连接服务器
- rc = MQTTConnect(&mq_client, &data);
- //订阅消息,并设置回调函数
- MQTTSubscribe(&mq_client, "ohossub", 0, mqtt_callback);
- while(1)
- {
- MQTTMessage message;
- message.qos = QOS1;
- message.retained = 0;
- message.payload = (void *)"openharmony";
- message.payloadlen = strlen("openharmony");
- //发送消息
- if (MQTTPublish(&mq_client, "ohospub", &message) < 0)
- {
- return -1;
- }
- }
- return 0;
- }
- void mqtt_test(void)
- {
- mqtt_connect();
- }
复制代码到这里就完成了代码部分,可以开始编译了。
11.4 实验这里我们需要先下载一个 Windows电脑端的 MQTT客户端,这样我们就可以用电脑订阅开发板的MQTT主题信息了。
电脑版的mqtt客户端下载链接:
https://repo.eclipse.org/content ... .paho.ui.app/1.1.1/
我们选择这一个:
弄完后打开软件,按图操作:
此时我们去查看 我们电脑端的MQTT客户端软件,可以看到右边已经有接收MQTT信息了,主题未 ohospub,消息内容为 openharmony,说明实验成功。
电脑发送主题为ohossub,内容为123456,查看串口打印,可以看到也收到了数据